Predicting performance from functional imaging data: methods matter.

TL;DR: For both PLS methods, statistical inferences are implemented using cross-validation techniques to identify significant patterns of voxel activation and are presented with small numerical examples and typical applications in neuroimaging.

TL;DR: The neurologist will find the chapters on principles of neurologic function and hierarchy of motor organization rather basic and many speech pathologists may find the section on motor speech examination somewhat devoid of detail.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for two levels of speech motor control bound, most presumably, to motor preparation and execution processes, which help to explain clinical observations such as an unimpaired or even accelerated speaking rate in Parkinson disease and slowed speech tempo, which does not fall below a rate of 3 Hz, in cerebellar disorders.

TL;DR: The present article reviews the principles of rtfMRI neurofeedback, the discussion of novel developments that have enabled the use of this methodology to achieve self-regulation of the functional connectivity between different brain areas and of distributed brain networks, anticipating new and exciting applications for cognitive neuroscience and for the potential alleviation of neuropsychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Dynamic, physiological regulation of CBF by a mechanism (neuronal or biochemical) dependent on neuronal firing per se, but independent of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, is hypothesized.

TL;DR: Transient increases in neural activity cause a tissue uptake of glucose in excess of that consumed by oxidative metabolism, acutely consume much less energy than previously believed, and regulate local blood flow for purposes other than oxidative metabolism.

TL;DR: Examination of the functional anatomy of the human brain with positron emission tomography during the naive and practiced performance of a simple verbal response selection task indicates that two distinct circuits can be used forverbal response selection and normal subjects can change the brain circuits used during task performance following less than 15 min of practice.