Postfledging Survival of Grasshopper Sparrows in Grasslands Managed with Fire and Grazing

Question

1. What are the contributions in "Supervivencia posterior al emplumamiento de ammodramus savannarum en pastizales manejados con fuego y pastoreo postfledging survival of grasshopper sparrows in grasslands managed with fire and grazing" ?

2. What makes the interpretation of survival rates difficult?

3. Why are Grasshopper Sparrows vulnerable after leaving the nest?

4. How many patches were burned in the first 2 years of the study?

Accepted Answer

In this paper, the authors monitored post-fledging survival, causespecific mortality, and movements of Grasshopper Sparrows in grassland managed with fire and grazing.

Accepted Answer

Regional differences in predator communities, variability in landscape context, and different life histories of the species studied make the interpretation of survival rates across studies difficult.

Accepted Answer

Fledglings are most vulnerable immediately after leaving the nest because they are unable to make long flights, rely on their parents for food, and have high energy demands that can result in thermal stress (Anders et al.

Accepted Answer

Beginning in 2007, one third of each patch-burn pasture (hereafter, a patch) was burned annually, whereas the graze-and-burn pastures were not burned in the first 2 years of the study but were burned in their entirety in 2009 to prevent the encroachment of woody vegetation.

Accepted Answer

The first, known as patchburn grazing, was proposed by Fuhlendorf and Engle (2001) as a grassland-management approach to increase habitat heterogeneity.

Accepted Answer

The authors identified snakes as predators when signals led us to them and in one case when a fledgling appeared to have been regurgitated.

Accepted Answer

To examine postfledging survival, the authors used the nest-survival model in program MARK (White and Burnham 1999) because it allows for the inclusion of parameters explaining survival of individuals with known fates and accounts for exposure days.

Accepted Answer

The addition of postfledging survival to nest-survival rates yields an overall probability of survival of 2% in graze-and-burn pastures and 7% in patch-burn grazed pastures.

Accepted Answer

The authors used parasitism and clutch size as an indirect means of examining resource allocation to nestlings and investigating whether cowbirds or an increased number of nestlings decreased the probability of survival.

Accepted Answer

Suedkamp Wells et al. (2007) found age to be associated with survival in the Dickcissel, the cumulative probability of survival declining rapidly over the first 3 days after fledging before stabilizing.

Accepted Answer

The authors focused on the Grasshopper Sparrow because it is a species of concern in the Eastern Tallgrass Ecoregion (Panjabi et al. 2005) and has experienced population declines of nearly 78% across the United States since the 1960s (Sauer et al. 2008).

Accepted Answer

It is unclear why there may have been a positive association between parasitism and postfledging survival, but the authors speculate that it is an indirect consequence of reduced clutch size and a concurrent reduction in the fledgings’ provisioning demands.

Accepted Answer

Fledglings’ daily movements from the nest increased for the first 4 days after fledging and then became relatively stable for the remainder of the 14-day interval (Fig. 2).

Accepted Answer

The second approach focused on more traditional management, representative of many private lands in the area, referred to as the graze-and-burn treatment.

Accepted Answer

these declines have been driven by conversion of grasslands to row crops and degradation of remnant habitats (Vickery 1996, Vickery and Herkert 2001).

Postfledging Survival of Grasshopper Sparrows in Grasslands Managed with Fire and Grazing

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions in "Supervivencia posterior al emplumamiento de ammodramus savannarum en pastizales manejados con fuego y pastoreo postfledging survival of grasshopper sparrows in grasslands managed with fire and grazing" ?

2. What makes the interpretation of survival rates difficult?

3. Why are Grasshopper Sparrows vulnerable after leaving the nest?

4. How many patches were burned in the first 2 years of the study?

5. What is the first approach to grazing?

6. What did the authors find when a fledgling was regurgitated?

7. What did the authors do to determine the effect of vegetation on postfledging survival?

8. What is the probability of survival in graze-and-burn pastures?

9. How did the authors use the parasitism and clutch size to examine survival rates?

10. How did Suedkamp Wells et al. (2007) find that age was?

11. Why did the authors focus on the Grasshopper Sparrow?

12. What is the reason for the positive association between the two?

13. How long did the fledglings stay in the nest?

14. What is the second approach to the graze-and-burn treatment?

15. What are the main reasons for the decline of grassland birds?

Figures

Citations

Post-fledging survival in passerine birds and the value of post-fledging studies to conservation

Post-fledging survival of altricial birds: ecological determinants and adaptation

Characterizing 12 years of wildland fire science at the U.S. Geological Survey: Wildland Fire Science Publications, 2006–17

Impacts of tree rows on grassland birds and potential nest predators: a removal experiment.

Adapting the Fire-Grazing Interaction to Small Pastures in a Fragmented Landscape for Grassland Bird Conservation

References

Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach

Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals

Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach

Density as a misleading indicator of habitat quality

Program MARK : survival estimation from populations of marked animals

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