Book Chapter10.1016/B978-0-12-374748-8.00001-9
Poor working memory: impact and interventions.
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TL;DR: There are three main approaches to alleviating the difficulties faced by children with poor working memory—a classroom intervention, strategy training, or direct working memory training.
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Abstract: Publisher Summary Poor working memory affects approximately 15% of children. It is characterized by inattentive, distractible behavior that is accompanied by failures to complete everyday activities that require focused or sustained attention. Typically, children with poor working memory have normal social integration, normal levels of emotional control, and self-esteem. They may appear reserved in large group situations. Over 80% of children with low working memory struggle in reading and mathematics, and it has been suggested that they are likely to be those children who make poor academic progress, but who fall below the radar of recognition for special educational needs. Beyond poor learning, children with poor working memory have a range of other cognitive problems that extend to low IQ and deficits in other executive functions, including monitoring and planning, problem solving, and sustained attention. Although the direction of causality is uncertain, it is possible that limited working memory resources underpin this wide range of deficits. There are three main approaches to alleviating the difficulties faced by children with poor working memory—a classroom intervention, strategy training, or direct working memory training.
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Citations
Cognitive Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Neuropsychological Outcomes From Randomized Controlled Trials
Samuele Cortese,Samuele Cortese,Samuele Cortese,Maite Ferrin,Daniel Brandeis,Daniel Brandeis,Jan Buitelaar,David Daley,Ralf W. Dittmann,Martin Holtmann,Paramala Santosh,Jim Stevenson,Argyris Stringaris,Alessandro Zuddas,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke +16 more
TL;DR: Cognitive training had limited effects on ADHD symptoms according to assessments based on blinded measures, and approaches targeting multiple neuropsychological processes may optimize the transfer of effects from cognitive deficits to clinical symptoms.
550
Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? A randomized controlled trial.
TL;DR: This first randomized controlled trial with low working memory children investigated whether the benefits of training extend beyond standard working memory tasks to other more complex activities typical of the classroom in which working memory plays a role, as well as to other cognitive skills and developing academic abilities.
Long-term far-transfer effects of working memory training in children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial
TL;DR: Computerized WM training on EF rating scales had a significant impact on ADHD deficits by achieving long-term far-transfer effects and showed significant improvements in PBMEF, ADHD symptoms, and functional impairment.
147
Computer-based cognitive training for ADHD: a review of current evidence
Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Daniel Brandeis,Daniel Brandeis,Martin Holtmann,Samuele Cortese,Samuele Cortese +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that more evidence from well-blinded studies is required before cognitive training can be supported as a frontline treatment of core ADHD symptoms.
91
Working memory training in college students with ADHD or LD.
TL;DR: Computerized WM training is a feasible and possibly viable approach for enhancing WM in college students with ADHD or LD and self-reported fewer ADHD symptoms and cognitive failures.
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