Personalized approaches to active immunotherapy in cancer

TL;DR: Current clinical trials using neoantigen targeting cancer vaccines, including in combination with checkpoint blockade monoclonal antibodies, have demonstrated potent T-cell responses against those neoantigens accompanied by antitumor effects in patients.

TL;DR: In this paper, a vesicle system was designed to enhance the innate immune response and amplify personalized immunotherapy by hybridizing the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) with the cell membrane originated from the tumor (mT).

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that effective vaccination in pancreatic cancer patients, along with interventions that can reprogram important immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, can enhance tumor immune recognition, thus enhancing response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.

TL;DR: Past vaccination methods used in ovarian cancer are analyzed, different suggestions aiming to improve their efficacy in future trials are provided, and new strategies for the treatment of different cancers are considered.

TL;DR: The ways in which Tregs suppress the antitumor immune response are discussed and elaborate on the recent discovery that T Regs make significant direct contributions to tumor angiogenesis.

TL;DR: It is indicated thatPD-1 signaling in tumors is required for both suppressing effector T cells and maintaining tumor Tregs, and that PD-1/PD-L1 pathway (CD274) blockade augments tumor inhibition by increasing effectors T-cell activity, thereby attenuating Treg suppression.

TL;DR: An overview of new results from clinical studies of therapeutic cancer vaccines directed against tumour-associated antigens is provided and their implications for the use of active immunotherapy are discussed.

TL;DR: The clinical effectiveness of dendritic cell-based vaccine therapy in melanoma, prostate cancer, malignant glioma, and renal cell carcinoma is reviewed, and the most important lessons from almost two decades of clinical studies are summarized.