Journal Article10.5435/00124635-199409000-00005
Persistently Painful Sprained Ankle.
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TL;DR: With correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it is often possible to restore acceptable ankle function, and in rare cases, reflex sympathetic dystrophy occurs occasionally.
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Abstract: Chronic discomfort sufficient to limit activity may affect 20% to 40% of patients after an ankle sprain. These patients complain of vague and diffuse pain, most often localized to the lateral and/or anterolateral aspect of the ankle. They may also complain of a giving-way sensation, swelling, stiffness, and locking and crepitation. Examination may show tenderness, swelling, and reduced range of motion, especially in dorsiflexion. Ankle instability is sometimes demonstrable. Severe cases exhibit discoloration, glossy skin, and temperature changes suggestive of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Incomplete rehabilitation is the most common cause of chronic pain. Other common problems are intra-articular lesions (e.g., osteochondral and meniscoid lesions), chronic instability, undetected syndesmotic or deltoid sprains, chronic tendon degeneration, stress fractures, and, in rare cases, congenital lesions and tumors. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy occurs occasionally, even after minor trauma. With correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it is often possible to restore acceptable ankle function
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Citations
Foot and Ankle Update
TL;DR: These topics were chosen either because they are very common or because of the high morbidity involved should there be a misdiagnosis or mismanagement.
1
Modified Evans technique for treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability
TL;DR: The proposed modification on the Evans procedure has shown clinical efficacy in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability and allowed for early cast removal and faster rehabilitation, with subsequent early return to functional activities.
Acute Ankle Ligament Injuries
Joos D,Brian J. Sabb,Tran Nk,Kadakia Ar,Anish R Kadakia +4 more
- 01 Jan 2012
Disorders of the Subtalar Joint, Including Subtalar Sprains and Tarsal Coalitions
Gregory P. Guyton
- 01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Subfibular impingement must be distinguished from true pathology of the subtalar joint and Sinus tarsi syndrome remains a nebulous diagnosis that can typically be correlated with distinct intraarticular pathology.
References
The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot
TL;DR: It is concluded that ligamentous injuries at the foot and ankle frequently produce a proprioceptive deficit affecting the muscles of the injured leg, and that such a deficit is responsible for the symptom of "giving way" of the foot.
Early and Late Repair of Lateral Ligament of the Ankle
TL;DR: Only 50 patients with proper 3-month postoperative stress testing and questionnaire follow-up, who were operated upon 1 or more years ago, are recorded here.
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Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle. An experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure.
O. Chrisman,George A. Snook +1 more
TL;DR: The Elmslie operation has been used successfully on seven patients followed for over two years and is simple and effective, although it does cause limitation of foot inversion amounting to 15 to 30 degrees.
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