Peroxynitrite Inactivates Tryptophan Hydroxylase via Sulfhydryl Oxidation COINCIDENT NITRATION OF ENZYME TYROSYL RESIDUES HAS MINIMAL IMPACT ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

TL;DR: Peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration is likely to occur through the initial reaction of peroxyn itrite with carbon dioxide or metal centers leading to secondary nitrating species.

TL;DR: This review attempts to provide a critical description of some of the most common approaches to quantification of nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite, with attention to key issues that may influence the utility of a particular assay when adapted for use in vascular cells and tissues.

TL;DR: The review is aimed to provide an integrated biochemical view on the formation and reactions of peroxynitrite under biologically relevant conditions and the impact of this stealthy oxidant and one of its major footprints, protein NO2Tyr, in the disruption of cellular homeostasis.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the numerous interdependent mechanisms including excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress that have been demonstrated to contribute to this terminal damage of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

TL;DR: The results support previous observations that MDMA‐induced biochemical effects are observed in the DA systems of mice, whereas these effects are seen in the 5‐HT systems of rats.

TL;DR: It is proposed that sulphite can act as a neurotoxic agent, especially in combination with peroxynitrite, and sulphite radicals may be involved in the neurotoxic effect.

TL;DR: To introduce O-acetyl tyrosyl residues into proteins, the acetylation must be carried out under conditions that will be favorable for the stability of the resulting ester, and the O-acyl tyrosine residue is readily hydrolyzed to regenerate the original functional group.

TL;DR: The results suggest that glutathione partially, but not completely, traps intermediate(s) derived from the peroxynitrite and CO2 reaction, which is much higher than predicted from the assumption that the glutATHione-peroxynite reaction is the only reaction that can consume glutathion in this system.