Journal Article10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.9B00201
Particulate Photocatalysts for Light-Driven Water Splitting: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Design Strategies
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TL;DR: This review illustrates that it is possible to employ the fundamental principles underlying photosynthesis and the tools of chemical and materials science to design and prepare photocatalysts for overall water splitting.
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Abstract: Solar-driven water splitting provides a leading approach to store the abundant yet intermittent solar energy and produce hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. A straightforward route to light-driven water splitting is to apply self-supported particulate photocatalysts, which is expected to allow solar hydrogen to be competitive with fossil-fuel-derived hydrogen on a levelized cost basis. More importantly, the powder-based systems can lend themselves to making functional panels on a large scale while retaining the intrinsic activity of the photocatalyst. However, all attempts to generate hydrogen via powder-based solar water-splitting systems to date have unfortunately fallen short of the efficiency values required for practical applications. Photocatalysis on photocatalyst particles involves three sequential steps: (i) absorption of photons with higher energies than the bandgap of the photocatalysts, leading to the excitation of electron-hole pairs in the particles, (ii) charge separation and migration of these photoexcited carriers, and (iii) surface chemical reactions based on these carriers. In this review, we focus on the challenges of each step and summarize material design strategies to overcome the obstacles and limitations. This review illustrates that it is possible to employ the fundamental principles underlying photosynthesis and the tools of chemical and materials science to design and prepare photocatalysts for overall water splitting.
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Citations
Heterogeneous Single-Atom Photocatalysts: Fundamentals and Applications.
TL;DR: This review hopes that this review will provide some inspiration for the future discovery of the single-atom photocatalysts, manifestly stimulating the development in this emerging research area.
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Atomically dispersed antimony on carbon nitride for the artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Zhenyuan Teng,Qitao Zhang,Hongbin Yang,Kosaku Kato,Wenjuan Yang,Ying-Rui Lu,Sixiao Liu,Sixiao Liu,Chengyin Wang,Chengyin Wang,Akira Yamakata,Chenliang Su,Bin Liu,Teruhisa Ohno +13 more
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TL;DR: A robust antimony single-atom photocatalyst (Sb-SAPC, single Sb atoms dispersed on carbon nitride) for the synthesis of H2O2 in a simple water and oxygen mixture under visible light irradiation was achieved in this article.
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Cooperative Coupling of Oxidative Organic Synthesis and Hydrogen Production over Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental principles of cooperative photoredox coupling of selective organic synthesis and H2 production by simultaneous utilization of photoexcited electrons and holes over semiconductor-based catalysts to meet the economic and sustainability goal are discussed.
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Challenges for photocatalytic overall water splitting
TL;DR: Cheng et al. as mentioned in this paper argued that photocatalytic overall water splitting is theoretically and practically hard to achieve and analyzed the associated challenges in every subtle aspect, including unfavorable thermodynamics, slow kinetics, dissolved oxygen, and rapid backward reaction.
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Polymer photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical energy conversion
Tanmay Banerjee,Filip Podjaski,Julia Kröger,Julia Kröger,Bishnu P. Biswal,Bettina V. Lotsch,Bettina V. Lotsch +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental concepts that govern the photocatalytic performance of polymeric polymeric photocatalysis were discussed and the challenges and future of the field of soft photocatalysing was discussed.
References
La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1S5O7 Modified with a Molecular Ni Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical H2 Generation
Timothy E. Rosser,Timothy E. Rosser,Takashi Hisatomi,Takashi Hisatomi,Song Sun,Song Sun,Daniel Antón-García,Tsutomu Minegishi,Erwin Reisner,Kazunari Domen,Kazunari Domen +10 more
TL;DR: The combination of a phosphonated molecular Ni catalyst with a TiO2‐coated La5Ti2Cu0.1S5O7 photocathode for visible light driven H2 production provides a positive onset potential, large photocurrents, and high Faradaic yield for more than three hours.
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Photocatalytic Water Splitting into H2 and O2 over Titanate Pyrochlores Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = Lanthanoid: Eu-Lu)
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of titanate pyrochlore Ln 2 Ti 2 O 7 (Ln = Eu-Lu) was prepared by a polymerized complex method and evaluated as a photocatalyst for water splitting reaction.
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Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Photocatalytic Activity of Oxysulfides: La2Ta2ZrS2O8, La2Ta2TiS2O8, and La2Nb2TiS2O8.
Yosuke Goto,Jeongsuk Seo,Kazunori Kumamoto,Takashi Hisatomi,Yoshikazu Mizuguchi,Yoichi Kamihara,Masao Katayama,Tsutomu Minegishi,Kazunari Domen +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the oxysulfides La2Ta2ZrS2O8 (LTZSO) and La2Nb2TiS2SO (LNTSO) were synthesized, and their crystal structures, electronic structures, and photocatalytic activities for water splitting under visible light were investigated.
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Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting on RuO2-loaded Sm3+-doped CeO2 with Heterogenous Doping Structure
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined photocatalytic overall water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen on RuO2-loaded Sm3+-doped CeO2 and showed a negligible small activity.
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