Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

TL;DR: It is concluded that the cytokines from activated microglia in the SN and putamen may be initially neuroprotective, but may later become neurotoxic during the progress of PD.

TL;DR: Alcohol intake assessment methods were reviewed and it was found that methods that enquire about both the frequency and amount consumed, for beer, wine, and liquor, separately, will yield the most realistic levels of intake.

TL;DR: Some evidence will be provided that several cerebellar modules may be involved in the control of individual muscles using retrograde transneuronal tracing with rabies virus, suggesting that modules not only differ in their input and output relations but also may differ in operational capabilities.

TL;DR: In all tasks, the children with autism adapted their motor output by forming a predictive internal model, as exhibited through after-effects, and the mechanisms of acquisition and adaptation of internal models in self-generated movements appeared normal in autism.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on a conceptual understanding of the material rather than proving results and stress the importance of checking the data, assessing the assumptions, and ensuring adequate sample size so that the results can be generalized.

TL;DR: A set of automated procedures for obtaining accurate reconstructions of the cortical surface are described, which have been applied to data from more than 100 subjects, requiring little or no manual intervention.

TL;DR: The pathological findings in 100 patients diagnosed prospectively by a group of consultant neurologists as having idiopathic Parkinson's disease are reported, and these observations call into question current concepts of Parkinson's Disease as a single distinct morbid entity.