Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

TL;DR: It is concluded that the cytokines from activated microglia in the SN and putamen may be initially neuroprotective, but may later become neurotoxic during the progress of PD.

TL;DR: Alcohol intake assessment methods were reviewed and it was found that methods that enquire about both the frequency and amount consumed, for beer, wine, and liquor, separately, will yield the most realistic levels of intake.

TL;DR: Some evidence will be provided that several cerebellar modules may be involved in the control of individual muscles using retrograde transneuronal tracing with rabies virus, suggesting that modules not only differ in their input and output relations but also may differ in operational capabilities.

TL;DR: In all tasks, the children with autism adapted their motor output by forming a predictive internal model, as exhibited through after-effects, and the mechanisms of acquisition and adaptation of internal models in self-generated movements appeared normal in autism.

TL;DR: A formalized consensus process was employed to reach agreement after a systematic review and classification of evidence from the literature that indicated symptoms alone have relatively poor diagnostic accuracy in predicting the presence of polyneuropathy.

TL;DR: At 1 year, surgery and best medical therapy improved patient self-reported quality of life more than best medical Therapy alone in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, but surgery is not without risk and targeting of patients most likely to benefit might be warranted.

TL;DR: Physicians who treat PD patients must now assimilate a considerable body of data to optimally manage patients with this complex disorder and to a variety of new treatment strategies for the management of PD.

TL;DR: Longitudinal changes in brain structure were significantly correlated with decline in memory and executive function and hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity were associated with an increased rate of progression of vascular brain injury, global and hippocampal atrophy, and decline in executive function a decade later.