Journal Article10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60
Pancultural self-enhancement.
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TL;DR: This article found that individuals in the United States and Japan self-enhance on individualistic attributes, whereas Japanese and interdependents selfenhanced on collectivistic attributes as personally important.
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Abstract: The culture movement challenged the universality of the self-enhancement motive by proposing that the motive is pervasive in individualistic cultures (the West) but absent in collectivistic cultures (the East). The present research posited that Westerners and Easterners use different tactics to achieve the same goal: positive self-regard. Study 1 tested participants from differing cultural backgrounds (the United States vs. Japan), and Study 2 tested participants of differing self-construals (independent vs. interdependent). Americans and independents self-enhanced on individualistic attributes, whereas Japanese and interdependents self-enhanced on collectivistic attributes. Independents regarded individualistic attributes, whereas interdependents regarded collectivistic attributes, as personally important. Attribute importance mediated self-enhancement. Regardless of cultural background or self-construal, people self-enhance on personally important dimensions. Self-enhancement is a universal human motive.
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Citations
Replication and Extension of Alicke (1985) Better-Than-Average Effect for Desirable and Controllable Traits:
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A four-culture study of self-enhancement and adjustment using the social relations model: do alternative conceptualizations and indices make a difference?
A. Timothy Church,Marcia S. Katigbak,Rina Mazuera Arias,Brigida Carolina Rincon,José de Jesús Vargas-Flores,Joselina Ibáñez-Reyes,Lei Wang,Juan M. Alvarez,Congcong Wang,Fernando A. Ortiz +9 more
TL;DR: In all cultures, self-enhancement indices were moderately consistent across friend and family contexts, suggesting traitlike tendencies, and in China, consistent with cultural psychology perspectives, Chinese showed a greater tendency to self-efface than self- enhance using social comparison and self-insight indices.
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The effect of emotional and self-referential contexts on ERP responses towards surprised faces.
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