Book Chapter10.1007/978-1-61779-071-3_13
Oxidative Stress in Ruminants
Pietro Celi
- 01 Jan 2011
- pp 191-231
103
TL;DR: It is examined how redox homeostasis in involved in some physiological functions and the implications of the impairment of oxidative status on ruminant health and production and the basis of and evidence for the role of oxidative stress are examined.
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Abstract: This chapter examines the role that oxidative stress plays in ruminant medicine. We examine how redox homeostasis in involved in some physiological functions and we discuss the implications of the impairment of oxidative status on ruminant health and production. The study of oxidative stress is a relatively young field of research in ruminant medicine. The understanding of the role of oxidants and antioxidants in physiological and pathological conditions is rapidly increasing. Oxidative stress is an active field of research in ruminant medicine and has been implicated in numerous disease processes including sepsis, mastitis, acidosis, ketosis, enteritis, pneumonia, respiratory, and joint diseases. Compared to human medicine, only a limited number of conditions have been investigated in regard to the effects of oxidative stress in ruminants. Studies in cattle have been sporadic and mainly concerned with mastitis, pneumonia, and retained placenta. More recently, studies have been focused on metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the peripartum period. Numerous and rapidly evolving methodologies for evaluating oxidative stress are available to researchers and clinicians, each with their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Differences in models and methodologies make it difficult to make meaningful comparisons, even for studies that seem quite similar superficially. With this in mind, it is the goal of this chapter to summarise the present knowledge of oxidative stress in ruminant medicine and to examine the basis of and evidence for the role of oxidative stress in ruminant health and production, highlighting the need for continued research on oxidative stress in ruminant medicine. Clarity of understanding of the pathophysiology of oxidative stress in ruminants will allow the design of specific antioxidant therapies. Future research should focus on the establishment of a reference panel of biomarker of oxidative stress to be used in ruminant medicine. The development of an oxidative stress index as an approach in ruminant and veterinary medicine is also discussed.
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Citations
The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation.
TL;DR: Reviewing the physiological and harmful effects of ROS production, along with the different options available for assessing the redox balance in dairy cattle and some of the key findings of different supplementation trials, could bring one step forward the on-farm application of determinations of oxidative status for establishing nutritional strategies early enough in the dry period that could improve transition cow health.
Redox Biology in Transition Periods of Dairy Cattle: Role in the Health of Periparturient and Neonatal Animals.
TL;DR: The relationship of redox status and OS with diseases of cows and calves is reviewed, and how supplementation with antioxidants can be used to prevent OS in these animals is reviewed.
151
Assessment of the innate immune response in the periparturient cow
Erminio Trevisi,Andrea Minuti +1 more
TL;DR: The assessment of variations in immune-metabolic indices offers opportunities to predict the onset of the health troubles and to anticipate the proper therapies needed to guarantee health, good welfare and fertility in the following lactation.
139
Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses modulate skeletal muscle heat shock protein and inflammatory gene expression in sheep exposed to heat stress.
TL;DR: It is indicated that high dietary antioxidants modulate skeletal muscle expression of heat shock proteins, proinflammatory cytokine, and NF-κB transcription, which may protect against HS in sheep.
130
Antioxidant Dynamics in the Live Animal and Implications for Ruminant Health and Product (Meat/Milk) Quality: Role of Vitamin E and Selenium
Surinder S Chauhan,Pietro Celi,Pietro Celi,Eric N. Ponnampalam,Eric N. Ponnampalam,Brian J Leury,Fan Liu,Frank R. Dunshea +7 more
TL;DR: The premise of this paper is to review the recent developments in understanding antioxidant dynamics in ruminants and their role in reducing the impact of environmental stress and metabolic diseases, and the putative implications that antioxidant supplementation has on the quality animal products.
107
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Effects of protozoa on the antioxidant activity in the ruminal fluid and blood plasma of cattle
TL;DR: Investigating the antioxidant status in ruminal fluid and blood plasma among three faunated and two defaunated cattle found that defaunation possibly causes a decrease in the antioxidant level in theRuminal fluid, and may impair the health and performance of ruminants through an oxidant-ant antioxidant imbalance.
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