Overexpression of a pattern-recognition receptor, peptidoglycan-recognition protein-LE, activates imd/relish-mediated antibacterial defense and the prophenoloxidase cascade in Drosophila larvae
Aya Takehana,Tomonori Katsuyama,Tamaki Yano,Yoshiteru Oshima,Haruhiko Takada,Toshiro Aigaki,Shoichiro Kurata +6 more
TL;DR: It is reported that, in larvae, the imd-mediated antibacterial defense is activated by peptidoglycan-recognition protein (PGRP)-LE, a PGRP-family member in Drosophila, which acts as a pattern- Recognition receptor to the diaminopimelic acid-type peptIDoglycan and activates both the proteolytic cascade and intracellular signaling in Dosophila immunity.
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Abstract: In Drosophila, microbial infection activates an antimicrobial defense system involving the activation of proteolytic cascades in the hemolymph and intracellular signaling pathways, the immune deficiency (imd) and Toll pathways, in immune-responsive tissues. The mechanisms for microbial recognition are largely unknown. We report that, in larvae, the imd-mediated antibacterial defense is activated by peptidoglycan-recognition protein (PGRP)-LE, a PGRP-family member in Drosophila. Consistent with this, PGRP-LE binds to the diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan, a cell-wall component of the bacteria capable of activating the imd pathway, but not to the lysine-type peptidoglycan. Moreover, PGRP-LE activates the prophenoloxidase cascade, a proteolytic cascade in the hemolymph. Therefore, PGRP-LE acts as a pattern-recognition receptor to the diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan and activates both the proteolytic cascade and intracellular signaling in Drosophila immunity.
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Citations
Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidoglycans induce excessive activation of the innate immune system in silkworm larvae
Kenichi Ishii,Hiroshi Hamamoto,Katsutoshi Imamura,Tatsuo Adachi,Mikio Shoji,Koji Nakayama,Kazuhisa Sekimizu +6 more
TL;DR: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen that causes inflammation in human periodontal tissue, killed silkworm larvae when injected into the blood (hemolymph) as mentioned in this paper.
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Yang Yu,Ji Won Park,Hyun-Mi Kwon,Hyun-Ok Hwang,In-Hwan Jang,Akiko Masuda,Kenji Kurokawa,Hiroshi Nakayama,Won-Jae Lee,Naoshi Dohmae,Jinghai Zhang,Bok Luel Lee +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that molecular recognition mechanism for polymeric DAP-type peptidoglycan is different between Tenebrio larvae and Drosophila adults, providing biochemical evidences of biological diversity of innate immune responses in insects.
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