Optical Visualization of Cathepsin K Activity in Atherosclerosis With a Novel, Protease-Activatable Fluorescence Sensor
Farouc A. Jaffer,Dong-Eog Kim,Luisa Quinti,Ching-Hsuan Tung,Elena Aikawa,Ashvin N. Pande,Rainer H. Kohler,Guo-Ping Shi,Peter Libby,Ralph Weissleder +9 more
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TL;DR: Use of this novel protease-activatable NIRF agent for optical imaging in vivo demonstrated preferential localization of enzymatically active CatK to macrophages, consistent with their known greater elastinolytic capabilities compared with smooth muscle cells.
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Abstract: Background— Cathepsin K (CatK), a potent elastinolytic and collagenolytic cysteine protease, likely participates in the evolution and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. To assess better the biology of CatK activity in vivo, we developed a novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe for imaging of CatK and evaluated it in mouse and human atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— The NIRF imaging agent consists of the CatK peptide substrate GHPGGPQGKC-NH2 linked to an activatable fluorogenic polymer. In vitro, CatK produced a 2- to 14-fold activation of the agent over other cysteine and matrix metalloproteinases (P 8-fold activation over a control imaging agent (P 100% NIRF signal increases in apolipoprotein E−/− mice in vivo (n=13; P<0.05, CatK imaging agent versus control agent) and in human carotid endarterectomy specimens ex vivo (n=14; P<0.05). Fluorescence microscopy of plaque sections demonstrated that enzymatically active Ca...
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Citations
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Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin.
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Natasha Barascuk,Helene Skjøt-Arkil,Thomas C. Register,Lise Larsen,Inger Byrjalsen,Claus Christiansen,Morten A. Karsdal +6 more
TL;DR: Human macrophage foam cells degrade the atherosclerotic plaques though cathepsin K mediated processes, resulting in increase in levels of CTX-I, which was not elevated in women with aortic calcification.
Distribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaques and Their Production by Smooth Muscle Cells and Macrophage Subsets
Nynke A. Jager,Bastiaan M. Wallis de Vries,Jan-Luuk Hillebrands,Niels J. Harlaar,René A. Tio,Riemer H. J. A. Slart,Gooitzen M. van Dam,Hendrikus H. Boersma,Clark J. Zeebregts,Johanna Westra +9 more
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Shedding light onto live molecular targets
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Pycnodysostosis, a Lysosomal Disease Caused by Cathepsin K Deficiency
TL;DR: It is suggested that cathepsin K is a major protease in bone resorption, providing a possible rationale for the treatment of disorders such as osteoporosis and certain forms of arthritis.
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