Optical recording of action potentials in mammalian neurons using a microbial rhodopsin
TL;DR: The endogenous fluorescence of a microbial rhodopsin protein, Archaerhodops in 3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense, expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, exhibited an approximately tenfold improvement in sensitivity and speed over existing protein-based voltage indicators.
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Abstract: The microbial rhodopsin protein, Archaerhodopsin 3, can function as a rapid and highly sensitive genetically encoded voltage indicator in mammalian cells that is capable of detecting single action potentials with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10. A mutant lacking proton pumping displays greater sensitivity but a slowed response.
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References
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TL;DR: Strategies to visualize synaptic circuits by genetically labelling neurons with multiple, distinct colours are presented and may facilitate the analysis of neuronal circuitry on a large scale.
The Development and Application of Optogenetics
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