On the Selectivity of Planar Microwave Glucose Sensors with Multicomponent Solutions
Carlos G. Juan,Enrique Bronchalo,Benjamin Potelon,Cédric Quendo,Víctor F. Muñoz,José Manuel Ferrández-Vicente,José María Sabater-Navarro +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the selectivity of microwave planar resonant sensors when measuring multicomponent solutions, and the results showed a clear influence of the albumin concentration on the measurements of the glucose concentration, thereby pointing to a lack of selectivity for all sensors.
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Abstract: The development of glucose concentration sensors by means of microwave planar resonant technology is an active field attracting considerable attention from the scientific community. Although showing promising results, the current experimental sensors are facing some fundamental challenges. Among them, the most critical one seems to be the selectivity of glucose concentration against the variations of the concentrations of other components or parameters. In this article, we investigate the selectivity of microwave planar resonant sensors when measuring multicomponent solutions. Three sensors are involved, two of them having been designed looking for a more simplified system with a reduced size, and the third one has been specially developed to improve the sensitivity. The performance of these sensors is thoroughly assessed with a large set of measurements involving multicomponent solutions composed of pure water, NaCl, albumin at different concentrations and glucose at different concentrations. The impact of the simultaneous variations of the concentrations of glucose and albumin on the final measurements is analyzed, and the effective selectivity of the sensors is discussed. The results show a clear influence of the albumin concentration on the measurements of the glucose concentration, thereby pointing to a lack of selectivity for all sensors. This influence has been modeled, and strategies to manage this selectivity challenge are inferred.
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Citations
Electromagnetic Wave Sensors for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: Review and Recent Developments
Abhishek Kandwal,Louis WY Liu,Jamal Deen,Rohit Jasrotia,Binod Kumar Kanaujia,Zedong Nie +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the noninvasive blood glucose monitoring research is beginning to be acknowledged not only on a global scale but also in applied physics and biomedical fields; however, more research is needed to overcome the challenges related to hardware alternative to a VNA and system integration involving enhancement of specificity and sensitivity.
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Effects of Losses on the Sensitivity of Reflective-Mode Phase-Variation Liquid Sensors
Paris Velez,Xavier Canalias,Jonathan Munoz-Enano,Pau Casacuberta,Lijuan Su,Ferran Martin +5 more
TL;DR: The sensitivity of reflective-mode phase-variation liquid sensors is influenced by losses. Two operation regimes can be distinguished: low-loss and high-loss regimes. Losses can be beneficial in boosting sensitivity in the limit of small perturbations.
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Electromagnetic Characterization of Aqueous Sodium Lactate Solutions and its Application for Enhanced Concentration Monitoring
O. S. Bakam Nguenouho,Alexis Chevalier,Benjamin Potelon,Cédric Quendo,Jessica Benedicto,Bernard Simon +5 more
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A Comprehensive Review on Electromagnetic Wave based Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring in Microwave Frequencies
Abhishek Kandwal,Yogeshwar Dutt Sharma,Rohit Jasrotia,Chan Choon Kit,Natrayan Lakshmaiya,Mika Sillanpää,L. W. Liu,Tobore Igbe,Asha Kumari,Rahul Sharma,Chongkol Sungoum +10 more
Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of humans worldwide. This review article provides an analysis of the recent advancements in non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, detailing methods and techniques, with a special focus on Electromagnetic wave microwave glucose sensors. While optical, thermal, and electromagnetic techniques have been discussed, the primary emphasis is focussed on microwave frequency sensors due to their distinct advantages. Microwave sensors exhibit rapid response times, require minimal user intervention, and hold potential for continuous monitoring, renders them extremely potential for real-world applications. Additionally, their reduced susceptibility to physiological interferences further enhances their appeal. This review critically assesses the performance of microwave glucose sensors by considering factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and user comfort. Moreover, it sheds light on the challenges and upcoming directions in the growth of microwave sensors, including the need for reduction and integration with wearable platforms. By concentrating on microwave sensors within the broader context of non-invasive glucose monitoring, this article aims to offer significant enlightenment that may drive further innovation in diabetes care.
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Glucose Concentration Monitoring Using Microstrip Spurline Sensor
TL;DR: The findings of this study show that the antenna-based sensor proposed in this research can effectively measure glucose levels across the diabetes range, from hypoglycemia to normoglyceia to hyperglycemia, with a high degree of sensitivity of 7.82 x 10−3 dB/(mg/dL).
1
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