Open AccessBook Chapter
Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level
Nathaniel L. Bindoff,Jürgen Willebrand,Vincenzo Artale,Anny Cazenave,Jonathan M. Gregory,S. Guley,Kimio Hanawa,C. Le Quéré,Sydney Levitus,Yukihiro Nojiri,C. K. Shum,Lynne D. Talley,A.S. Unnikrishnan +12 more
- 01 Jan 2007
- pp 385-432
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TL;DR: The oceans are warming. Over the period 1961 to 2003, global ocean temperature has risen by 0.21 ± 0.10°C from the surface to a depth of 700 m as discussed by the authors.
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Abstract: The oceans are warming. Over the period 1961 to 2003,
global ocean temperature has risen by 0.10°C from the
surface to a depth of 700 m. Consistent with the Third
Assessment Report (TAR), global ocean heat content (0–
3,000 m) has increased during the same period, equivalent
to absorbing energy at a rate of 0.21 ± 0.04 W m–2 globally
averaged over the Earth’s surface. Two-thirds of this energy
is absorbed between the surface and a depth of 700 m.
Global ocean heat content observations show considerable
interannual and inter-decadal variability superimposed on
the longer-term trend. Relative to 1961 to 2003, the period
1993 to 2003 has high rates of warming but since 2003
there has been some cooling.
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