Nucleolin-targeting liposomes guided by aptamer AS1411 for the delivery of siRNA for the treatment of malignant melanomas

TL;DR: In this paper, a nanometer drug delivery system for brain tumors and tumor stem cells thereof is presented, which consists of tumor treatment drugs, a carrier framework and targeting molecules combined to the surface of the carrier framework, wherein the carrier is a cationic liposome; the targeting molecules at least comprise a first targeting molecule and a second targeting molecule, the first target molecule is surface modification polypeptide, and the second targeting molecules is an aptamer.

TL;DR: G-quadruplex (G4) structures have shown promising therapeutic potential in antiviral, anticancer, and anticoagulant applications as mentioned in this paper , especially in antivirus and anticancer applications.

TL;DR: The structural modification in aptamers such as PEGylation, substitution of functional groups, use of an enantiomeric oligonucleotide and its applications are described, which makes them potential therapeutic from a safety point of view.

TL;DR: The physiological factors that adversely affect the in vivo targeting ability of aptamers are investigated. Plasma proteins interact with aptamers, restricting their affinity toward targeted tumor cells. The interactions between aptamers and plasma proteins are mainly involved in complement activation and immune response. To maintain the targeting function in the physiological milieu, optimizations were performed via chemical modifications of aptamers.

TL;DR: The basic characteristics of the EPR effect, particularly the factors involved, are described, as well as its modulation for improving delivery of macromolecular drugs to the tumor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a passive targeting mechanism, active targeting strategies using ligands or antibodies directed against selected tumor targets amplify the specificity of these therapeutic nanoparticles, enabling them to carry their loaded active drugs to cancer cells by selectively using the unique pathophysiology of tumors.

TL;DR: The magnitude of the cytotoxic effects of all polymers were found to be time- and concentration dependent and the molecular weight as well as the cationic charge density of the polycations were confirmed as key parameters for the interaction with the cell membranes and consequently the cell damage.

TL;DR: Multifunctional and multiplex nanoparticles are now being actively investigated and are on the horizon as the next generation of nanoparticles, facilitating personalized and tailored cancer treatment.