1. What role did smuggling ships play in Hong Yeopyo's life?
Hong Yeopyo describes the circumstances that drove him to board smuggling ships between Osaka and Jeju in his memoir, Ko Chanyu, Koria taun ni ikiru: Hon Yopyo raifu hisutorii (Osaka: Entaitoru Shuppan, 2007), pp. 19-33. He was compelled to engage in this risky activity due to the socio-economic conditions of the time. Smuggling ships served as a means for individuals like Hong Yeopyo to seek better opportunities and escape the hardships they faced. This memoir provides a personal account of the challenges and experiences faced by those involved in the smuggling trade during that period.
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