Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001–2007
J. Joukje Siebenga,Harry Vennema,Du-Ping Zheng,Jan Vinjé,Bonita E. Lee,Xiao-Li Pang,Eric C.M. Ho,Wilina Lim,Avinash Choudekar,Shobha Broor,Tamar Halperin,Nassar B. G. Rasool,Joanne Hewitt,Gail E. Greening,Miao Jin,Zhao-jun Duan,Yalda Lucero,Miguel O'Ryan,Marina Hoehne,Eckart Schreier,Rodney M. Ratcliff,Peter A. White,Nobuhiro Iritani,Gábor Reuter,Marion Koopmans +24 more
TL;DR: Establishing a global NoV network by which data on strains with the potential to cause pandemics can be rapidly exchanged may lead to improved prevention and intervention strategies, and show notable differences in geographic prevalence.
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Abstract: Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis Their high incidence and importance in health care facilities result in a great impact on public health Studies from around the world describing increasing prevalence have been difficult to compare because of differing nomenclatures for variants of the dominant genotype, GII4 We studied the global patterns of GII4 epidemiology in relation to its genetic diversity Methods Data from NoV outbreaks with dates of onset from January 2001 through March 2007 were collected from 15 institutions on 5 continents Partial genome sequences (n = 775) were collected, allowing phylogenetic comparison of data from different countries Results The 15 institutions reported 3098 GII4 outbreaks, 62% of all reported NoV outbreaks Eight GII4 variants were identified Four had a global distribution-the 1996, 2002, 2004, and 2006b variants The 2003Asia and 2006a variants caused epidemics, but they were geographically limited Finally, the 2001 Japan and 2001Henry variants were found across the world but at low frequencies Conclusions NoV epidemics resulted from the global spread of GII4 strains that evolved under the influence of population immunity Lineages show notable (and currently unexplained) differences in geographic prevalence Establishing a global NoV network by which data on strains with the potential to cause pandemics can be rapidly exchanged may lead to improved prevention and intervention strategies
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Citations
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in Singapore, 2004–2011
TL;DR: The molecular epidemiology and persistence of GII.4 pandemic NoV lineages in Singapore was similar to trends seen globally, with a noted absence of the Asia 2003 variant.
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Genetic and evolutionary characterization of norovirus from sewage and surface waters in Córdoba City, Argentina.
María Dolores Blanco Fernández,Carolina Torres,Carolina Torres,Laura C. Martinez,Miguel O. Giordano,Gisela Masachessi,Gisela Masachessi,Patricia A. Barril,María Beatriz Isa,Rodolfo Hector Campos,Rodolfo Hector Campos,Silvia Nates,Viviana Andrea Mbayed,Viviana Andrea Mbayed +13 more
TL;DR: Environmental samples showed a mixture of both viral types, pointing up to the co-circulation and the risk of mixed infections and recombination, and this is the first report on the detection and characterization of NoV in sewage and river water in Argentina.
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Transient or Persistent Norovirus Infection Does Not Alter the Pathology of Salmonella typhimurium Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice
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Selection of a phylogenetically informative region of the norovirus genome for outbreak linkage.
Linda Verhoef,Kelly P. Williams,Kelly P. Williams,Annelies Kroneman,Bruno W. S. Sobral,Wilfrid van Pelt,Marion Koopmans +6 more
TL;DR: This work aimed at providing a method enabling identification of the genomic region informative of a common source norovirus outbreak by bio-informatic tools and identified the capsid gene region spanning nucleotides 900–1,400 was identified as the region optimally substituting for the full length capsid region.
Genome characterization of a GII.6 norovirus strain identified in China.
TL;DR: The genome of the GII.6 strain GZ2010-L96 detected in China was extensively characterized, and phylogenetic analyses of G.6 NoVs based on the capsid proteins may reveal a different evolution process from the predominant genotype G II.4.
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