Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001–2007
J. Joukje Siebenga,Harry Vennema,Du-Ping Zheng,Jan Vinjé,Bonita E. Lee,Xiao-Li Pang,Eric C.M. Ho,Wilina Lim,Avinash Choudekar,Shobha Broor,Tamar Halperin,Nassar B. G. Rasool,Joanne Hewitt,Gail E. Greening,Miao Jin,Zhao-jun Duan,Yalda Lucero,Miguel O'Ryan,Marina Hoehne,Eckart Schreier,Rodney M. Ratcliff,Peter A. White,Nobuhiro Iritani,Gábor Reuter,Marion Koopmans +24 more
TL;DR: Establishing a global NoV network by which data on strains with the potential to cause pandemics can be rapidly exchanged may lead to improved prevention and intervention strategies, and show notable differences in geographic prevalence.
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Abstract: Background Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis Their high incidence and importance in health care facilities result in a great impact on public health Studies from around the world describing increasing prevalence have been difficult to compare because of differing nomenclatures for variants of the dominant genotype, GII4 We studied the global patterns of GII4 epidemiology in relation to its genetic diversity Methods Data from NoV outbreaks with dates of onset from January 2001 through March 2007 were collected from 15 institutions on 5 continents Partial genome sequences (n = 775) were collected, allowing phylogenetic comparison of data from different countries Results The 15 institutions reported 3098 GII4 outbreaks, 62% of all reported NoV outbreaks Eight GII4 variants were identified Four had a global distribution-the 1996, 2002, 2004, and 2006b variants The 2003Asia and 2006a variants caused epidemics, but they were geographically limited Finally, the 2001 Japan and 2001Henry variants were found across the world but at low frequencies Conclusions NoV epidemics resulted from the global spread of GII4 strains that evolved under the influence of population immunity Lineages show notable (and currently unexplained) differences in geographic prevalence Establishing a global NoV network by which data on strains with the potential to cause pandemics can be rapidly exchanged may lead to improved prevention and intervention strategies
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Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses associated with sporadic gastroenteritis in children in Novosibirsk, Russia, 2003-2012.
Elena Zhirakovskaia,Artem Tikunov,Bodnev Sa,Vera Klemesheva,Sergey V. Netesov,Nina V. Tikunova +5 more
TL;DR: NoV was detected throughout the year with a seasonal increase during winter months and their ratio changed every season, but it was different depending on NoV genotype.
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A Multi-Site Study of Norovirus Molecular Epidemiology in Australia and New Zealand, 2013-2014.
Kun Lee Lim,Joanne Hewitt,Alefiya Sitabkhan,John-Sebastian Eden,Jennifer H Lun,Avram Levy,Juan Merif,David W. Smith,William D. Rawlinson,Peter A. White +9 more
TL;DR: This study revealed that following its emergence in 2012, GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant continued to be the predominant cause of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis in Australia and New Zealand between 2013 and 2014.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Xpert Norovirus Assay for Detection of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Fecal Specimens
Mark D. Gonzalez,L. Claire Langley,Blake W. Buchan,Matthew L. Faron,Melanie Maier,Kate Templeton,Kimberly Walker,Elena B. Popowitch,Melissa B. Miller,Arundhati Rao,Uwe G. Liebert,Nathan A. Ledeboer,Jan Vinjé,Carey-Ann D. Burnham +13 more
TL;DR: The Xpert Norovirus assay recently received FDA clearance for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroups I and II (GI and GII), which account for the vast majority of infections.
Characterization and inhibition of norovirus proteases of genogroups I and II using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the GI and GII proteases cleaved the substrates derived from the naturally occurring cleavage site in the open reading frame (ORF) 1 of G1 norovirus with similar efficiency, and that enzymatic activity of both proteases was inhibited by commercial protease inhibitors including chymostatin.
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Detection and molecular characterization of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam.
Nguyen Van Trang,Le T. Luan,Le T. Kim-Anh,Vu T. B. Hau,Le T.H. Nhung,Pimmnapar Phasuk,Orntipa Setrabutr,Hannah Shirley,Jan Vinjé,Dang Duc Anh,Carl J. Mason +10 more
TL;DR: NoV is the second most frequent cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children in North Vietnam, with frequency of vomiting or fever similar between children with NoV and RV infection, yet, NoV caused diarrhea with longer duration.
37
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