Journal Article10.1039/C2CS35181A
Nighttime radical observations and chemistry
Steven S. Brown,Jochen Stutz +1 more
543
TL;DR: The essential features of this atmospheric chemistry are reviewed, along with field observations of NO(3), N(2)O(5), nighttime peroxy and OH radicals, and related compounds, spanning more than three decades are reviewed.
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Abstract: The nitrate radical, NO3, is photochemically unstable but is one of the most chemically important species in the nocturnal atmosphere. It is accompanied by the presence of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, with which it is in rapid thermal equilibrium at lower tropospheric temperatures. These two nitrogen oxides participate in numerous atmospheric chemical systems. NO3 reactions with VOCs and organic sulphur species are important, or in some cases even dominant, oxidation pathways, impacting the budgets of these species and their degradation products. These oxidative reactions, together with the ozonolysis of alkenes, are also responsible for the nighttime production and cycling of OH and peroxy (HO2 + RO2) radicals. In addition, reactions of NO3 with biogenic hydrocarbons are particularly efficient and are responsible for the production of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol. Heterogeneous chemistry of N2O5 is one of the major processes responsible for the atmospheric removal of nitrogen oxides as well as the cycling of halogen species though the production of nitryl chloride, ClNO2. The chemistry of NO3 and N2O5 is also important to the regulation of both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Here we review the essential features of this atmospheric chemistry, along with field observations of NO3, N2O5, nighttime peroxy and OH radicals, and related compounds. This review builds on existing reviews of this chemistry, and encompasses field, laboratory and modelling work spanning more than three decades.
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TL;DR: Time series observations of I2, IO, OIO, BrO and NO3 in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer show that these radicals are present at mixing ratios up to 93 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 10.8 ppt, 6 ppt and 6 ppt, respectively. A model suggests that the reaction between I2 and NO3 is the likely nighttime source of IO and OIO, while a bromine chemistry model demonstrates the importance of halogen recycling through sea-salt aerosol.
Reactive iodine species in a semi‐polluted environment
Anoop S. Mahajan,Hilke Oetjen,Alfonso Saiz-Lopez,James D. Lee,Gordon McFiggans,John M. C. Plane +5 more
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