Nexus between Investor Protection Environment and Financial Reporting Quality in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them, and describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative.

TL;DR: This article found no evidence of premerger earnings management in highly leveraged firms and no evidence on earnings management by cash acquirers by using a sample of US noncash acquirers, finding significant evidence of upward earnings management prior to announcing merger and acquisition deals.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors build on literature from policy and academic circles to assess if Latin America is leading when it comes to persistence in homicides and find that the region with the highest evidence of persistence is sub-Saharan Africa followed by Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and then by Europe & Central Asia (ECA).

TL;DR: In this article, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator optimally exploits all the linear moment restrictions that follow from the assumption of no serial correlation in the errors, in an equation which contains individual effects, lagged dependent variables and no strictly exogenous variables.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore why organizations tend to be increasingly and inevitably homogeneous in their forms and practices, and suggest that organizational fields are structured into an organizational field by powerful forces that lead them to become similar.

TL;DR: Many formal organizational structures arise as reflections of rationalized institutional rules as discussed by the authors, and the elaboration of such rules in modern states and societies accounts in part for the expansion and i...

TL;DR: In this paper, two alternative linear estimators that are designed to improve the properties of the standard first-differenced GMM estimator are presented. But both estimators require restrictions on the initial conditions process.