Neutrophils and Close Relatives in the Hypoxic Environment of the Tuberculous Granuloma: New Avenues for Host-Directed Therapies?
TL;DR: This review will bring to the front new questions that are now emerging regarding neutrophils activity in TB, and the role of hypoxia and Hypoxia induced factors inside granuloma on neutrophil fate and functions and TB pathophysiology.
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Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most prevalent lung infections of humans and kills ~1.7 million people each year. TB pathophysiology is complex with a central role played by granuloma where a delicate balance takes place to both constrain bacilli and prevent excessive inflammation that may destroy lung functions. Neutrophils reach the lung in waves following first encounter with bacilli and contribute both to early Mtb elimination and late deleterious inflammation. The hypoxic milieu where cells and bacilli cohabit inside the granuloma favors metabolism changes and the impact on TB infection needs to be more thoroughly understood. At the cellular level while the key role of the alveolar macrophage has long been established, behavior of neutrophils in the hypoxic granuloma remains poorly explored. This review will bring to the front new questions that are now emerging regarding neutrophils activity in TB. Are different neutrophil subsets involved in Mtb infection and how? How do neutrophils and close relatives contribute to shaping the granuloma immune environment? What is the role of hypoxia and hypoxia induced factors inside granuloma on neutrophil fate and functions and TB pathophysiology? Addressing these questions is key to the development of innovative host-directed therapies to fight TB.
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Citations
Neutrophils are the predominant infected phagocytic cells in the airways of patients with active pulmonary TB
Seok Yong Eum,Ji Hye Kong,Min Sun Hong,Ye Jin Lee,Jin Hee Kim,Soo Hee Hwang,Sang Nae Cho,Laura E. Via,Clifton E. Barry +8 more
- 01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Neutrophils are the predominant cell types infected with Mtb in patients with TB and that these intracellular bacteria appear to replicate rapidly, consistent with a role for neutrophils in providing a permissive site for a final burst of active replication of the bacilli prior to transmission.
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Initiation of Post-Primary Tuberculosis of the Lungs: Exploring the Secret Role of Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells.
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