Neutral oligosaccharides in colostrum in relation to maternal allergy and allergy development in children up to 18 months of age

TL;DR: The data presented here contribute to the current knowledge about the composition and quantities of oligosaccharides in human milk and may foster greater understanding of the biological functions of these compounds.

TL;DR: The findings on HMO concentrations over time of lactation and clusters based on 2’FL concentrations confirm previous observations and suggest that LNnT and LNT are ‘co-regulated’ with the FUT2 dependent 2‘FL concentration, with LnnT showing a positive and Lnt a negative relation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess and rank human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from healthy mothers throughout lactation at a global level, using data from pooled (secretor and non-secretor) human milk samples.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discussed the impact of the exposure to bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungal components, microbiome metabolites, and specific nutritional components (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, plant- and animal-derived microRNAs, breast milk) on the epigenetic patterns related to allergic manifestations.

TL;DR: Oligosaccharides and, in particular, acidic oligosac charides may influence lymphocyte maturation in breast-fed newborns and affect the cytokine production and activation of cord blood derived T cells in vitro.

TL;DR: The correlation between the concentrations of cytokines involved in IgA synthesis, i.e. IL-10, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β, may explain the stimulatory effect on IgA production in breast-fed babies.

TL;DR: Despite several promising findings, the exact role of gut normal microbiota in the development of allergy remains to be elucidated and more data concerning a communication between host and specific microbial species are needed.

TL;DR: In adults, the benefits of some of the oligosaccharides have been established in several clinical trials, but in infants more fundamental research is needed to establish the metabolic role of these components and the daily intake with bifidogenic activity.