Neurolinguistics: structural plasticity in the bilingual brain.
Andrea Mechelli,Jenny Crinion,Uta Noppeney,John P. O'Doherty,John Ashburner,Richard S. J. Frackowiak,Cathy J. Price +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that learning a second language increases the density of grey matter in the left inferior parietal cortex and that the degree of structural reorganization in this region is modulated by the proficiency attained and the age at acquisition.
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Abstract: Humans have a unique ability to learn more than one language--a skill that is thought to be mediated by functional (rather than structural) plastic changes in the brain. Here we show that learning a second language increases the density of grey matter in the left inferior parietal cortex and that the degree of structural reorganization in this region is modulated by the proficiency attained and the age at acquisition. This relation between grey-matter density and performance may represent a general principle of brain organization.
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Citations
Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія». Серія «Культурологія»
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Riding the (brain) waves! Using neural oscillations to inform bilingualism research
A. M. Rossi,Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares,Yanina Prystauka,Megan Nakamura,Jason Rothman +4 more
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a theoretical and methodological starter for scientists in the (psycho)linguistics and neurocognition of bilingualism field(s) to understand the bases and applications of this analytical tool.
Brain structural correlates of individual differences at low- to high-levels of the language processing hierarchy: A review of new approaches to imaging research
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of studies that have investigated the brain structural correlates of normative individual differences in aspects of language-related performance, these spanning a hierarchy in terms of the underlying complexity of processing and brain networks involved.
The impact of aging on gray matter structural covariance networks.
Maxime Montembeault,Sven Joubert,Sven Joubert,Julien Doyon,Julien Doyon,Julie Carrier,Julie Carrier,Jean-François Gagnon,Oury Monchi,Oury Monchi,Ovidiu Lungu,Ovidiu Lungu,Sylvie Belleville,Sylvie Belleville,Simona Maria Brambati,Simona Maria Brambati +15 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that healthy aging alters the structural organization of cognitive networks, shifting from a more distributed (in young adulthood) to a more localized topological organization in older individuals.
Bilingualism protects anterior temporal lobe integrity in aging
Jubin Abutalebi,Jubin Abutalebi,Matteo Canini,Matteo Canini,Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa,Lo Ping Sheung,David W. Green,Brendan S. Weekes +7 more
TL;DR: The data emphasize the vulnerability of the temporal pole to normal aging and the value of bilingualism as both a general and specific protective factor to GMV decreases in healthy aging.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the steps involved in VBM, with particular emphasis on segmenting gray matter from MR images with non-uniformity artifact and provide evaluations of the assumptions that underpin the method, including the accuracy of the segmentation and the assumptions made about the statistical distribution of the data.
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Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers
Eleanor A. Maguire,David G. Gadian,Ingrid S. Johnsrude,Catriona D. Good,John Ashburner,Richard S. J. Frackowiak,Chris D. Frith +6 more
TL;DR: Structural MRIs of the brains of humans with extensive navigation experience, licensed London taxi drivers, were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects who did not drive taxis, finding a capacity for local plastic change in the structure of the healthy adult human brain in response to environmental demands.
Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training.
TL;DR: This discovery of a stimulus-dependent alteration in the brain's macroscopic structure contradicts the traditionally held view that cortical plasticity is associated with functional rather than anatomical changes.
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Distinct cortical areas associated with native and second languages
Karl H. S. Kim,Karl H. S. Kim,Norman R. Relkin,Kyoung Min Lee,Kyoung Min Lee,Joy Hirsch,Joy Hirsch +6 more
TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging is applied to determine the spatial relationship between native and second languages in the human cortex, and shows that within the frontal-lobe language-sensitive regions (Broca's area), second languages acquired in adulthood are spatially separated from native languages.
Distinct cortical areas associated with native and second languages
TL;DR: This paper used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine the spatial relationship between native and second languages in the human cortex, and showed that within the frontal-lobe language-sensitive regions (Broca's area)1,2,3, second languages acquired in adulthood (late’ bilingual subjects) are spatially separated from native languages.
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