Journal Article10.1176/AJP.2007.164.5.813
Neurocognitive Endophenotypes in a Multiplex Multigenerational Family Study of Schizophrenia
Raquel E. Gur,Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar,Laura Almasy,Monica E. Calkins,J. Daniel Ragland,Michael F. Pogue-Geile,Stephen J. Kanes,John Blangero,Ruben C. Gur +8 more
TL;DR: Examination of computerized neurocognitive measures as candidate endophenotypic markers of liability for schizophrenia in a genetically informative cohort found probands demonstrated greatest impairment relative to comparison subjects, followed by family members.
read more
Abstract: Objective: Genetic factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia where cognitive dysfunction is a hallmark. The purpose of this article was to examine computerized neurocognitive measures as candidate endophenotypic markers of liability for schizophrenia in a genetically informative cohort. Method: European Americans from 35 multiplex multigenerational families (N=349) and healthy participants (N=154) underwent clinical assessments and neurocognitive measurements and provided blood samples. The neurocognitive measures included performance (accuracy and speed) from a computerized battery that assessed abstraction/mental flexibility; attention; verbal, face, and spatial memory; spatial processing; sensorimotor processing; and emotion intensity discrimination. Results: Probands, relatives, and comparison subjects differed from each other in performance. Probands demonstrated greatest impairment relative to comparison subjects, followed by family members. Liability for schizophrenia affected the spee...
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Citations
Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives.
TL;DR: Responsibility inhibition deficit, a potential marker of ventral prefrontal dysfunction, seems to be the most prominent endophenotype of bipolar disorder and the cognitive endophenotypes of BD also appears to involve fronto-temporal andFronto-limbic related cognitive impairments.
1K
A cognitive neuroscience-based computerized battery for efficient measurement of individual differences: standardization and initial construct validation.
Ruben C. Gur,Jan Richard,Paul Hughett,Monica E. Calkins,Larry Macy,Warren B. Bilker,Colleen M. Brensinger,Raquel E. Gur +7 more
TL;DR: A computerized battery that takes an average of 1h and provides measures of accuracy and speed on 9 neurocognitive domains is presented and initial criterion validity was demonstrated by sensitivity to sex differences and the effects of age, education and parental education.
547
Social Cognition in Schizophrenia, Part 1: Performance Across Phase of Illness
Michael F. Green,Carrie E. Bearden,Tyrone D. Cannon,Alan Page Fiske,Gerhard Hellemann,William P. Horan,William P. Horan,Kimmy S. Kee,Kimmy S. Kee,Kimmy S. Kee,Robert S. Kern,Robert S. Kern,Junghee Lee,Junghee Lee,Mark J. Sergi,Mark J. Sergi,Mark J. Sergi,Kenneth L. Subotnik,Catherine A. Sugar,Joseph Ventura,Cindy M. Yee,Keith H. Nuechterlein +21 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that social cognition in these 3 domains fits a stable pattern that has outcome and treatment implications, and social cognitive performance was impaired across all domains of social cognition and in all clinical samples.
Initial heritability analyses of endophenotypic measures for schizophrenia: the consortium on the genetics of schizophrenia.
Tiffany A. Greenwood,David L. Braff,Gregory A. Light,Kristin S. Cadenhead,Monica E. Calkins,Dorcas J. Dobie,Robert Freedman,Michael F. Green,Raquel E. Gur,Ruben C. Gur,Jim Mintz,Keith H. Nuechterlein,Ann Olincy,Allen D. Radant,Larry J. Seidman,Larry J. Siever,Jeremy M. Silverman,William S. Stone,Neal R. Swerdlow,Debby W. Tsuang,Ming T. Tsuang,Bruce I. Turetsky,Nicholas J. Schork +22 more
TL;DR: This is the first large-scale, multisite, family-based heritability study of a collection of endophenotypic measures for schizophrenia and suggests that endophenotypes are important measures to consider in characterizing the genetic basis of schizophrenia.
415
Defeatist Beliefs as a Mediator of Cognitive Impairment, Negative Symptoms, and Functioning in Schizophrenia
Paul M. Grant,Aaron T. Beck +1 more
TL;DR: Investigating the hypothesis that cognitive content--defeatist beliefs regarding performance--provides a link between cognitive impairment, negative symptoms, and poor functioning in schizophrenia indicated that defeatist belief endorsements were mediators in the relationship between Cognitive impairment and both negative symptoms and functioning.
References
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
TL;DR: The authors discuss the etymology and strategy behind the use of endophenotypes in neuropsychiatric research and, more generally, in research on other diseases with complex genetics.
Multipoint Quantitative-Trait Linkage Analysis in General Pedigrees
Laura Almasy,John Blangero +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown how variance-component linkage methods can be used in pedigrees of arbitrary size and complexity, and a general framework for multipoint identity-by-descent (IBD) probability calculations is developed.
Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models
TL;DR: This paper is written as a step-by-step tutorial that shows how to fit the two most common multilevel models: (a) school effects models, designed for data on individuals nested within naturally occurring hierarchies (e.g., students within classes); and (b) individual growth models,designed for exploring longitudinal data (on individuals) over time.
Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies: Rationale, Unique Features, and Training
John I. Nurnberger,Mary C. Blehar,Charles A. Kaufmann,Carolyn York-Cooler,Sylvia G. Simpson,Jill M. Harkavy-Friedman,Joanne B. Severe,Dolores Malaspina,Theodore Reich +8 more
TL;DR: The DIGS is designed to be employed by interviewers who exercise significant clinical judgment and who summarize information in narrative form as well as in ratings, and should be useful as part of archival data gathering for genetic studies of major affective disorders, schizophrenia, and related conditions.
2.1K
Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence.
TL;DR: This review critically summarizes the neuropathology and genetics of schizophrenia, the relationship between them, and speculates on their functional convergence via an influence upon synaptic plasticity and the development and stabilization of cortical microcircuitry.
2K