Journal Article10.1007/S00103-009-0953-Y
Neuartige Impfstoffe
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TL;DR: The Impfstoffe der Zukunft mussen einer Vielzahl von Herausforderungen gerecht werden: they soll be sicher und vertraglich sein und vor Krankheiten schutzen, die von hochvariablen oder neuen Krankheitserregern ausgelost werd. as mentioned in this paper.
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Abstract: Die Impfstoffe der Zukunft mussen einer Vielzahl von Herausforderungen gerecht werden: Sie sollen sicher und vertraglich sein und vor Krankheiten schutzen, die von hochvariablen oder neuen Krankheitserregern ausgelost werden. Daruber hinaus sollen sie komplexe Immunreaktionen induzieren, die uber blose Antikorperantworten hinausgehen, nicht zuletzt, um die Anwendung von Impfstoffen von der klassischen Prophylaxis auch auf die Therapie chronischer Infektionen und Krebs auszudehnen (Immuntherapeutika). Dabei wird der biotechnologische Fortschritt die Impfstoffentwicklung drastisch verandern. Wir schildern hier, wie genomgestutzte Ansatze die Identifikation neuer Antigene revolutioniert haben und wie durch verfeinerte Screeningmethoden aus diesen Antigenen die besten Impfstoffkandidaten ausgewahlt werden konnen. Die Analyse von Oberflachenproteomen kann dazu beitragen, die Wahl der besten Antigene zu beschleunigen. Genauere Kenntnisse ihrer Struktur werden es moglich machen, die fur den Impfschutz relevanten Bereiche des Antigens freizulegen, zu stabilisieren und die Immunantwort auf diese Bereiche hin auszurichten. Verbesserte Adjuvantien werden die Immunantwort potenzieren und spezifisch die fur den Impfschutz relevanten Aspekte des Immunsystems starken. Zusammenfassend lasst sich sagen, dass dank konzeptioneller und biotechnologischer Fortschritte die Impfstoffe der Zukunft sicherer, effizienter und komplexer sein werden als heute.
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