Near-term climate change: Projections and predictability

TL;DR: This article examined changes in the strength of the Walker circulation (WC) using the pressure difference between the western and eastern equatorial Pacific using the Coupled model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5, and found no consensus on the sign of change, and none of the models showed a statistically significant strengthening over the same period.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that both the total precipitation depth and the peak precipitation intensity increases with temperature, while the storm's spatial extent decreases, indicating that storm cells intensify at warmer temperatures, with a greater amount of moisture in the storm, as well as a redistribution of moisture toward the storm center.

TL;DR: The impact of emission changes on air quality out to the 2050s will be larger than that due to climate change, because of large reductions in emissions of O3 and PM pollutant precursor emissions and the more limited climate change response itself.

TL;DR: Drought significantly alters the functional potential of the community and provokes a clear osmotic stress response, including the production of compatible solutes that increase intracellular C demand, and a microbial population emerges with a greater capacity for extracellular enzyme production targeting macromolecular carbon.

TL;DR: The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will produce a state-of-the- art multimodel dataset designed to advance the authors' knowledge of climate variability and climate change.

TL;DR: The second edition of "Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition" as mentioned in this paper presents and explains techniques used in atmospheric data summarization, analysis, testing, and forecasting.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.

TL;DR: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed for the 31-yr period from 1979 to 2009, in January 2010 as mentioned in this paper, which was designed and executed as a global, high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period.