Near-term climate change: Projections and predictability

TL;DR: Regression analysis of historical yield, climate, and [O3] data for the United States was used to determine the loss of production due to O3 for maize and soybean from 1980 to 2011, showing that over that period production of rain-fed fields of soybean and maize were reduced by roughly 5% and 10%, respectively, costing approximately $9 billion annually.

TL;DR: Researchers present a global reconstruction of hydroclimate and dynamical variables over the past 2,000 years, combining 2,978 paleoclimate proxy-data time series with a climate model, to better understand past climate variability and inform future projections.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared historical and projected surface ozone (O3) concentrations simulated by six global atmospheric chemistry transport models on the basis of three representative concentration pathways emission scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5).

TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative approach for assessing the role of internal variability in future climate based on a simple analytic model and the statistics of the unforced climate variability is presented. But the analytic model is derived from the standard error of the regression and assumes that the internal variability are roughly Gaussian and stationary in time.

TL;DR: The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will produce a state-of-the- art multimodel dataset designed to advance the authors' knowledge of climate variability and climate change.

TL;DR: The second edition of "Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition" as mentioned in this paper presents and explains techniques used in atmospheric data summarization, analysis, testing, and forecasting.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.

TL;DR: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed for the 31-yr period from 1979 to 2009, in January 2010 as mentioned in this paper, which was designed and executed as a global, high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period.