Natural variability of forests as a reference for restoring and managing biological diversity in boreal Fennoscandia
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TL;DR: To restore some of the essential characteristics of the natural forest’s multiscale heterogeneity, diversification of silvicultural and harvesting treatments, as guided by natural disturbance dynamics, is needed to produce more variation in disturbance severity, quality, extent, and repeatability.
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Abstract: In Fennoscandia, use of the natural forest as a reference for restoration and management of forest biodiversity has been widely accepted. However, limited understanding of the structure and dynamics of the natural forest has hampered the applications of the natural variability approach. This is especially the case in areas, where the natural forests have almost totally vanished. This review was motivated by the idea that despite these diffi culties the essential features of the natural forest can be reconstructed based on biological archives, historical documents, research done in adjacent natural areas, and modeling. First, a conceptual framework for analyzing the relationship between forest structure, dynamics and biodiversity is presented. Second, the current understanding of the structure and dynamics of natural forests at different spatiotemporal scales in boreal Fennoscandia is reviewed. Third, the implications of this knowledge, and gaps in knowledge, on research and on practical restoration and management methods aimed at forest biodiversity conservation are discussed. In conclusion, naturally dynamic forest landscapes are complex, multiscaled hierarchical systems. Current forest management methods create disturbance and successional dynamics that are strongly scale-limited when compared with the natural forest. To restore some of the essential characteristics of the natural forest’s multiscale heterogeneity, diversifi cation of silvicultural and harvesting treatments, as guided by natural disturbance dynamics, is needed to produce more variation in disturbance severity, quality, extent, and repeatability.
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Citations
Ips typographus population development after a severe storm in a nature reserve in southern Sweden
TL;DR: The negative relationship between colonization density and reproductive success indicates that intra‐specific competition is one of the main mechanisms reducing I. typographus population growth when the beetles switch from wind‐felled to standing trees after storm disturbances.
113
Białowieża Forest—A Relic of the High Naturalness of European Forests
Bogdan Jaroszewicz,Olga Cholewińska,Jerzy M. Gutowski,Tomasz Samojlik,Marcelina Zimny,Małgorzata Latałowa +5 more
TL;DR: Expansion of a non-intervention approach to the Polish part of the forest is suggested to increase the stability of the entire ecosystem and enhance the chances for its successful adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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Consequences of disturbance on epiphytic lichens in boreal and near boreal forests
TL;DR: The review showed that lichen populations may need long time to recover, but that species richness does not necessarily increase over time, and that disturbance origin is important to explain lichen diversity but is often confounded with stand age.
103
Fire history in relation to site type and vegetation in Vienansalo wilderness in eastern Fennoscandia, Russia
TL;DR: In this article, a wildfire area in a boreal forest landscape dominated by Pinus sylvestris L, in the Vienansalo wilderness area in eastern Fennoscandia, was examined for its spatial characteristics and fire histology.
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Regeneration microsites of Picea abies seedlings in a windthrow area of a boreal old-growth forest in southern Finland
Timo Kuuluvainen,Riku Kalmari +1 more
- 01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In managed forests, when naturally regenerating Picea on fertile sites, effort should be taken to create regeneration microsites similar to those created by natural disturbances, i.e. uprooting niches and decaying logs.
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