Municipal Solid Waste and the Environment: A Global Perspective
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a waste management strategy for less-industrialized nations, where citizens produce less waste, which is mostly biogenic, a combination of formal and non-formal waste management.
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Abstract: Municipal solid waste (MSW) reflects the culture that produces it and affects the health of the people and the environment surrounding it. Globally, people are discarding growing quantities of waste, and its composition is more complex than ever before, as plastic and electronic consumer products diffuse. Concurrently, the world is urbanizing at an unprecedented rate. These trends pose a challenge to cities, which are charged with managing waste in a socially and environmentally acceptable manner. Effective waste management strategies depend on local waste characteristics, which vary with cultural, climatic, and socioeconomic variables, and institutional capacity. Globally, waste governance is becoming regionalized and formalized. In industrialized nations, where citizens produce far more waste than do other citizens, waste tends to be managed formally at a municipal or regional scale. In less-industrialized nations, where citizens produce less waste, which is mostly biogenic, a combination of formal and ...
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TL;DR: Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change. The conversion of forest and grassland to cropland for biofuel production increases greenhouse gases.
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