Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria
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TL;DR: This review discusses the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance in bacteria.
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Abstract: Large amounts of antibiotics used for human therapy, as well as for farm animals and even for fish in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistance in bacteria may be generated by one of two mechanisms. First, these bacteria may accumulate multiple genes, each coding for resistance to a single drug, within a single cell. This accumulation occurs typically on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, multidrug resistance may also occur by the increased expression of genes that code for multidrug efflux pumps, extruding a wide range of drugs. This review discusses our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance.
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Shubhi Joshi,Jatin Chadha,Kusum Harjai,Gaurav Verma,Avneet Saini +4 more
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•Journal Article
On the mechanism of substrate specificity by resistance nodulation division (RND)-type multidrug resistance pumps: the large periplasmic loops of MexD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are involved in substrate recognition: the large periplasmic loops of MexD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa are involved in substrate recognition
TL;DR: It is suggested that the precise structure of the periplasmic loops of MexD determines the rate of transport of individual substrates, consistent with the hypothesis that, in the case of RND transporters, the LPLs are directly implicated in substrate recognition and contain multiple sites of interaction for various structurally diverse compounds.
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Engineered Biosensors for Diagnosing Multidrug Resistance in Microbial and Malignant Cells
Niharika G. Jha,Daphika S. Dkhar,Sumit Singh,Shweta J. Malode,Nagaraj P. Shetti,Pranjal Chandra +5 more
TL;DR: A brief introduction to multidrug resistance, along with a detailed insight into recent biosensor design trends and use for identifying multi-drug-resistant microorganisms and tumors, is presented in this paper .
Alarming multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis: Antibiotic resistance patterns and occurrence of selected resistance genes
Ijaz Ul Haq,Mustafa Kamal,Ayman A Swelum,Shehryar Khan,Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante,Tahir Usman +5 more
TL;DR: High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis in Pakistan.
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