Journal Article10.3892/ijo.2024.5669
mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors (Review)
Bangjie Chen,Yipin Yang,Xinyi Wang,Wen-Zhi Yang,You Lu,Daoyue Wang,Enba Zhuo,Yanchao Tang,Junhong Su,Guozheng Tang,Song Shao,Kangsheng Gu +11 more
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TL;DR: The development of mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, factors influencing their function and the current clinical applications of the vaccine are discussed, with a focus on the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer.
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Abstract: Cancer is characterized by unlimited proliferation and metastasis, and traditional therapeutic strategies usually result in the acquisition of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for more personalized treatment. mRNA vaccines transfer the gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into human cells through transcription and translation to stimulate the body to produce specific immune responses against the encoded proteins, so as to enable the body to obtain immune protection against said antigens; this approach may be adopted for personalized cancer therapy. Since the recent coronavirus pandemic, the development of mRNA vaccines has seen substantial progress and widespread adoption. In the present review, the development of mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, factors influencing their function and the current clinical applications of the vaccine are discussed. A focus is placed on the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer, with the aim of highlighting unique advances and the remaining challenges of this novel and promising therapeutic approach.
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References
Type I Interferons Modulate CD8+ T Cell Immunity to mRNA Vaccines.
TL;DR: It is posited that the dual outcome of type I IFNs on CD8+ T cell responses to mRNA vaccination is determined by the timing and intensity oftype I IFN induction relative to T cell receptor (TCR) activation.
mRNA Vaccines Encoding the HA Protein of Influenza A H1N1 Virus Delivered by Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induce Protective Immune Responses in Mice
Xinyu Zhuang,Yanxin Qi,Maopeng Wang,Ning Yu,Fulong Nan,He Zhang,Mingyao Tian,Chang Li,Huijun Lu,Ningyi Jin +9 more
TL;DR: The results showed that mRNA vaccines could elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses and completely protect mice from the tenfold LD50 H1N1 influenza virus challenge.
A thermostable messenger RNA based vaccine against rabies
Lothar Stitz,Annette B. Vogel,Margit Schnee,Daniel Voss,Susanne Rauch,Thorsten Mutzke,Thomas Ketterer,Thomas Kramps,Benjamin Petsch +8 more
TL;DR: The excellent temperature resistance of a non-replicating mRNA based rabies virus vaccine encoding the rabiesirus glycoprotein (RABV-G) is described, indicating that maintenance of a cold chain is not essential for this vaccine.
The Daunting Economics of Therapeutic Genome Editing.
Ross C. Wilson,Ross C. Wilson,Dana Carroll,Dana Carroll +3 more
- 01 Oct 2019
TL;DR: For this principle to hold true in clinical contexts, therapeutic genome editing must avoid several pitfalls that could substantially limit access to its transformative potential, especially in the developing world.
Emergence of mRNA vaccines in the management of cancer.
TL;DR: The steps involved in preparing the mRNA-based cancer vaccines are isolation of the mRNA cancer from the target protein using the nucleic acid RNA-based vaccine, sequence construction to prepare the DNA template, in vitro transcription for protein translation from DNA into mRNA strand, 5' cap addition and poly(A) tailing to stabilize and protect the mRNA from degradation, and purification process to remove contaminants produced during preparation as discussed by the authors .