Journal Article10.1016/J.GDE.2014.08.008
Mouse models of human evolution
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TL;DR: Together with a mouse model of a recent, still polymorphic human change, these studies allow careful optimism that at least some aspects of human evolution can be functionally studied in mice.
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About: This article is published in Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. The article was published on 01 Dec 2014.
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The Molecular Basis of Human Brain Evolution
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Evolution of language: Lessons from the genome.
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Mice carrying a human GLUD2 gene recapitulate aspects of human transcriptome and metabolome development
Qian Li,Song Guo,Xi Jiang,Jarosław Bryk,Ronald Naumann,Wolfgang Enard,Masaru Tomita,Masahiro Sugimoto,Philipp Khaitovich,Philipp Khaitovich,Svante Pääbo +10 more
TL;DR: Analysis of transcriptome and metabolome changes induced by GLUD2 in the cerebral cortex revealed no changes in glutamate concentration but instead changes to metabolic pathways centering on the TCA cycle during early postnatal development, suggesting that GLud2 affects carbon flux during early brain development, possibly supporting lipid biosynthesis.
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Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits.
TL;DR: In this Review, genome sequencing and functional genomic approaches enable analysis of the evolutionary and developmental origin of traits unique to the authors' species.
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TL;DR: It is shown that evolutionary conservation and coding consequence are key determinants of the strength of purifying selection, that rare-variant load varies substantially across biological pathways, and that each individual contains hundreds of rare non-coding variants at conserved sites, such as motif-disrupting changes in transcription-factor-binding sites.
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TL;DR: A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.
ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering
TL;DR: A review of achievements made possible by site-specific nuclease technologies and applications of these reagents for genetic analysis and manipulation, including the therapeutic potential of ZFNs and TALENs, and future prospects for the field are discussed.
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Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome
Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,LaDeana W. Hillier,Evan E. Eichler,Michael C. Zody,David B. Jaffe,Shiaw-Pyng Yang,Wolfgang Enard,Ines Hellmann,Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,Tasha K. Altheide,Nicoletta Archidiacono,Peer Bork,Jonathan Butler,Jean L. Chang,Ze Cheng,Asif T. Chinwalla,Pieter J. de Jong,Kimberley D. Delehaunty,Catrina Fronick,Lucinda L. Fulton,Yoav Gilad,Gustavo Glusman,Sante Gnerre,Tina Graves,Toshiyuki Hayakawa,Karen E. Hayden,Xiaoqiu Huang,Hongkai Ji,W. James Kent,Mary Claire King,Edward J. Kulbokasl,Ming K. Lee,Ge Liu,Carlos López-Otín,Kateryna D. Makova,Orna Man,Elaine R. Mardis,Evan Mauceli,Tracie L. Miner,William E. Nash,Joanne O. Nelson,Svante Pääbo,Nick Patterson,Craig Pohl,Katherine S. Pollard,Kay Prüfer,Xose S. Puente,David Reich,Mariano Rocchi,Kate R. Rosenbloom,Maryellen Ruvolo,Daniel J. Richter,Stephen F. Schaffner,Arian F.A. Smit,Scott M. Smith,Mikita Suyama,James E. Taylor,David Torrents,Eray Tüzün,Ajit Varki,Gloria Velasco,Mario Ventura,John W. Wallis,Michael C. Wendl,Richard K. Wilson,Eric S. Lander,Robert H. Waterston +66 more
TL;DR: It is found that the patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated and dominated by the fixation of neutral and slightly deleterious alleles.
A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on bacterial artificial chromosomes
Shiaoching Gong,Chen Zheng,Martin L. Doughty,Kasia Losos,Nicholas Didkovsky,Uta B. Schambra,Norma J. Nowak,Alexandra L. Joyner,Gabrielle Leblanc,Mary E. Hatten,Nathaniel Heintz +10 more
TL;DR: A large-scale screen is described to create an atlas of CNS gene expression at the cellular level, and to provide a library of verified bacterial artificial chromosome vectors and transgenic mouse lines that offer experimental access to CNS regions, cell classes and pathways.
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