Journal Article10.1038/NRI1733
Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity
Siamon Gordon,Philip R. Taylor +1 more
TL;DR: Recent studies have shown that monocyte heterogeneity is conserved in humans and mice, allowing dissection of its functional relevance: the different monocyte subsets seem to reflect developmental stages with distinct physiological roles, such as recruitment to inflammatory lesions or entry to normal tissues.
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Abstract: Heterogeneity of the macrophage lineage has long been recognized and, in part, is a result of the specialization of tissue macrophages in particular microenvironments. Circulating monocytes give rise to mature macrophages and are also heterogeneous themselves, although the physiological relevance of this is not completely understood. However, as we discuss here, recent studies have shown that monocyte heterogeneity is conserved in humans and mice, allowing dissection of its functional relevance: the different monocyte subsets seem to reflect developmental stages with distinct physiological roles, such as recruitment to inflammatory lesions or entry to normal tissues. These advances in our understanding have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies that are targeted to modify particular subpopulations of monocytes.
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Pten deletion in RIP-Cre neurons protects against type 2 diabetes by activating the anti-inflammatory reflex.
Linyuan Wang,Linyuan Wang,Darren M. Opland,Sue Tsai,Cynthia T. Luk,Cynthia T. Luk,Stephanie A. Schroer,Margaret B. Allison,Andrew J. Elia,Andrew J. Elia,Caren Furlonger,Akira Suzuki,Christopher J. Paige,Christopher J. Paige,Tak W. Mak,Daniel A. Winer,Martin G. Myers,Minna Woo +17 more
TL;DR: It is shown that rat insulin-2 promoter (Rip)-mediated deletion of Pten, a gene encoding a negative regulator of PI3K signaling, led to activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that is mediated by M2 activated macrophages in peripheral tissues.
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Current Limitations and Novel Perspectives in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
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TL;DR: The tumor staging method and its impact on the corresponding current standard-of-care treatments for PDAC is discussed, and promising treatment strategies targeting specific components of the TME and potential combinations thereof are discussed.
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