1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "Monetary integration and the cost of borrowing" ?
The objective of this paper is to study the reasons for this increase, and in particular, whether the change in the price assigned by markets was due to domestic factors ( credit risk and/or market liquidity ) or to international risk factors.. The empirical evidence suggests that it may have been a change in the market assessment of domestic ( both liquidity and default risk ) rather than international factors that caused the observed increase in adjusted spreads with Monetary Integration, even though, since market size scale economies have increased since EMU, their effect differs according to the size of the market.
read more
2. What did the pre-EMU literature speculate that would lead to the reduction of currency risk?
The pre-EMU literature speculated that with the elimination of currency risk, yield spreads would narrow and would primarily reflect default risk.
read more
3. What might have been the effect of the no bail-out rule on the German sovereign debt market?
wider liquidity and perceived default risk differences vis-à-vis German bonds might have been transformed into higher adjusted spreads.
read more
4. What factors were determined by before the introduction of the euro?
Before the introduction of the euro, yield differentials between European sovereign borrowers were mostly determined by four factors: expectations of exchange rate fluctuations, differences in domestic tax-regimes, differences in credit risk, and differences in market liquidity.
read more





