There has been much discussion of intra-lingual varieties in recent years. Catford has pertinently stated the problem which has prompted this discussion and justified the need to solve it (1965:83): ‘The concept of a “whole language” is so vast and heterogeneous that it is not operationally useful for many linguistic purposes, descriptive, comparative and pedagogical. It is therefore desirable to have a framework of categories for the classification of “sub-languages” or varieties within a total language.’

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022226700016601

Aspects of varieties differentiation

The purpose of this article is to initiate a discussion of the 'parts of speech' within the framework of generative grammar.1 The present writer has long been of the opinion that the traditional, 'notional' theory of the 'parts of speech' merits a rather more sympathetic consideration than it has received from most linguists in recent years and feels, with Chomsky (I965: Ii8), that 'although modern work has, indeed, shown a great diversity in the surface structures of languages . . ., the deep structures for which universality is claimed may be quite distinct from the surface structures of sentences as they actually appear', and that 'the findings of modern linguistics are thus not inconsistent with the hypotheses of universal grammarians'. The distinction that is drawn by Chomsky between 'deep' and 'surface' structure was implicit in traditional grammatical theory and has been reasserted by a number of modern scholars (cf. also Hockett, I958: Lamb, I964; Halliday, I966: 57; etc.). This distinction will be taken for granted throughout the paper.It will also be taken for granted that any satisfactory general theory of syntactic structure must be 'transformational'. (in the sense of Chomsky, I957; etc.). Towards the end of the paper, however, it will be suggested, on the basis of the arguments presented below, that current theories of transformational grammar stand in need of radical revision; in particular, that the rules of the base component should operate upon two different kinds of elements, 'constituents' (bracketed categories) and 'features' (for the most part, the traditional 'secondary grammatical

Towards a ‘notional’ theory of the ‘parts of speech’

Notes on the syntax of the adjective in modern english

The third part of an investigation into similar usages at work in the standard English of West Africa and India (first part, ET38, Apr 94; second part, ET40, Oct 94)

Variation in the use of complex verbs in international English

(1994). Recessive and emergent uses of modal auxiliaries in english. English Studies: Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 166-182.

Recessive and emergent uses of modal auxiliaries in english 1

Modern English Structure

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Modern English Structure

Chat with Paper

AI Agents for this Paper

Citations

Aspects of varieties differentiation

Towards a ‘notional’ theory of the ‘parts of speech’

Notes on the syntax of the adjective in modern english

Variation in the use of complex verbs in international English

Recessive and emergent uses of modal auxiliaries in english 1

Related Papers (5)

Modern English structure

Form in modern English

'Case' in Modern English

The End of Modern English

English in the Modern World