Modeling the electron collision frequency during solid-to-plasma transition of polystyrene ablator for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion applications

TL;DR: In this article , the authors measured the transient transmission of a femtosecond probe pulse through a polystyrene target for different 100picosecond pump pulse intensities pertaining to ICF conditions.

TL;DR: This study investigates benzene decomposition in a non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge reactor, using kinetic modeling, machine learning, and experimental investigation to optimize decomposition rates, achieving 82.9% decomposition with higher input power and longer residence time.

TL;DR: In this paper, the electron dynamics in dielectric materials induced by two-color femtosecond laser pulses are studied by solving dedicated optical Bloch equations, which includes photo and impact ionization, the laser heating of conduction electrons, their recombination to the valence band, and their collisions with phonons.

Abstract: In laser direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, laser imprint is one of the major causes of degradation in target performance through its seeding of hydrodynamic instabilities. Early experiments and simulations have shown that laser imprint could be mitigated with a longer laser wavelength because of its lower critical density and longer conduction zone. Building upon this work, we explore a scenario where the laser wavelength during the picket pulse differs from that of the main pulse in order to gain the benefit of reduced imprint, while avoiding losses in drive coupling efficiency or an increase in laser-plasma instabilities. A series of 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, which test three different laser wavelengths for the picket pulse, has been performed, where the intensity of the picket pulse is adjusted in order to maintain the same implosion adiabat. A detailed analysis of the growth of the mass density modulations at the ablation front over a large range of mode numbers confirms that the laser imprint can be mitigated with a picket pulse operating at a longer wavelength than the main pulse because of the longer conduction zone and enhanced thermal smoothing. The amplitude of the ablation front modulations is found to be lower for all mode numbers, which reduces the seeding of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability without affecting the mode growth rates.

TL;DR: In this paper, a list of reliable bond energies that are based on a set of critically evaluated experiments is provided and a brief description of the three most important experimental techniques for measuring bond energies is provided.

TL;DR: This Account presents a list of reliable bond energies that are based on a set of critically evaluated experiments and demonstrates how these experimental data can be applied to yield the heats of formation of organic radicals and the bond enthalpies of more than 100 representative organic molecules.

TL;DR: In this article, an implosion system energized by a high energy laser was proposed to compress hydrogen to more than 10,000 times liquid density by an imploding system, which makes possible efficient thermonuclear burn of small pellets of heavy hydrogen isotopes, and makes feasible fusion power reactors using practical lasers.

TL;DR: The electron-phonon interaction in solids is important for many interesting properties of solids, among them the critical temperature of phonon-mediated superconductors, the effective electron mass in metals and semiconductors, and the carrier dynamics in semiconductor devices as discussed by the authors.