Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids
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TL;DR: 3D culture technology allow embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells to exhibit their remarkable self-organizing properties, and the resulting organoids reflect key structural and functional properties of organs such as kidney, lung, gut, brain and retina, and hold promise to predict drug response in a personalized fashion.
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About: This article is published in Cell. The article was published on 16 Jun 2016. and is currently open access. The article focuses on the topics: Regenerative medicine.
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Citations
Advanced human developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment using human organoid models.
TL;DR: A recent review as mentioned in this paper discusses the recent advances in the use of human organoid models for developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment of distinct tissues/organs following exposure to pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, nanomaterials, and ambient air pollutants.
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Mechanisms of Urodele Limb Regeneration
David L. Stocum
- 01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a review explores the historical and current state of the art about urodele limb regeneration and the role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration.
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Utilizing Organoid and Air-Liquid Interface Models as a Screening Method in the Development of New Host Defense Peptides.
Ka-Yee Grace Choi,Bing Catherine Wu,Amy S. Lee,Amy S. Lee,Beverlie Baquir,Robert E. W. Hancock +5 more
TL;DR: It is outlined how organoids and omics data analysis can be leveraged to aid in the clinical translation of IDR peptides and how patient-derived organoids enables the study of patient-specific efficacy, toxicogenomics and drug response predictions.
Li–Fraumeni Syndrome Disease Model: A Platform to Develop Precision Cancer Therapy Targeting Oncogenic p53
TL;DR: This review discusses the biology of LFS and current understanding of the oncogenic functions of mutant p53 in cancer development, and discusses how recently developed methodologies can be integrated into the LFS induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platform to develop precision cancer therapy.
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Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment
Eyal Karzbrun,Orly Reiner +1 more
TL;DR: How organoids are used to model neurodevelopmental diseases and challenges in organoid systems are described and how to approach these challenges using complementary bioengineering techniques are described.
References
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.
Toshiro Sato,Robert G.J. Vries,Hugo J. Snippert,Marc van de Wetering,Nick Barker,Daniel E. Stange,Johan H. van Es,Arie Abo,Pekka Kujala,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that intestinal cryptvillus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche.
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Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5
Nick Barker,Johan H. van Es,Jeroen Kuipers,Pekka Kujala,Maaike van den Born,Miranda Cozijnsen,Andrea Haegebarth,Jeroen Korving,Harry Begthel,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
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Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
TL;DR: A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.
Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells.
James G. Rheinwatd,Howard Green +1 more
TL;DR: Human diploid epidermis epidermal cells have been successfully grown in serial culture and it is possible to isolate keratinocyte clones free of viable fibroblasts, and human diploids keratinocytes appear to have a finite culture lifetime.
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Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium.
Toshiro Sato,Daniel E. Stange,Marc Ferrante,Marc Ferrante,Robert G.J. Vries,Johan H. van Es,Stieneke van den Brink,Winan J. van Houdt,Apollo Pronk,Joost van Gorp,Peter D. Siersema,Hans Clevers +11 more
TL;DR: A technology that can be used to study infected, inflammatory, or neoplastic tissues from the human gastrointestinal tract is developed that might have applications in regenerative biology through ex vivo expansion of the intestinal epithelia.
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