Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids
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TL;DR: 3D culture technology allow embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells to exhibit their remarkable self-organizing properties, and the resulting organoids reflect key structural and functional properties of organs such as kidney, lung, gut, brain and retina, and hold promise to predict drug response in a personalized fashion.
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About: This article is published in Cell. The article was published on 16 Jun 2016. and is currently open access. The article focuses on the topics: Regenerative medicine.
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Deconstructing and reconstructing the mouse and human early embryo.
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References
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.
Toshiro Sato,Robert G.J. Vries,Hugo J. Snippert,Marc van de Wetering,Nick Barker,Daniel E. Stange,Johan H. van Es,Arie Abo,Pekka Kujala,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that intestinal cryptvillus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche.
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TL;DR: The expression pattern of Lgr5 suggests that it marks stem cells in multiple adult tissues and cancers, suggesting that it represents the stem cell of the small intestine and colon.
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Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
TL;DR: A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.
Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells.
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TL;DR: Human diploid epidermis epidermal cells have been successfully grown in serial culture and it is possible to isolate keratinocyte clones free of viable fibroblasts, and human diploids keratinocytes appear to have a finite culture lifetime.
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Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium.
Toshiro Sato,Daniel E. Stange,Marc Ferrante,Marc Ferrante,Robert G.J. Vries,Johan H. van Es,Stieneke van den Brink,Winan J. van Houdt,Apollo Pronk,Joost van Gorp,Peter D. Siersema,Hans Clevers +11 more
TL;DR: A technology that can be used to study infected, inflammatory, or neoplastic tissues from the human gastrointestinal tract is developed that might have applications in regenerative biology through ex vivo expansion of the intestinal epithelia.
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