Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and metabolic modulators as pharmacological interventions to slow ageing

TL;DR: The information available supports a mitochondrial free radical theory of aging focused on low generation of endogenous damage and low sensitivity of membranes to oxidation in long-lived animals.

TL;DR: Significant progress in the field of antioxidant research is highlighted, including the fine-tuned equilibrium between antioxidant defenses and free radical production, the lack of specific antioxidant target(s), and the inherent difficulty in delivering antioxidants where they are needed.

TL;DR: A review of experimental evidence supports the involvement of oxidative stress in seizures, in the process of their generation, and in the mechanisms associated with refractoriness to drug therapy is presented.

TL;DR: Advantages and disadvantages of small molecules, their ability to mitigate A&bgr; induced damage, and ability to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and cognitive loss are discussed.

TL;DR: Data indicate the mitochondrial division dynamin directly regulates mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization independent of Drp1-mediated division, raising the interesting possibility that mdivi-1 represents a class of therapeutics for stroke, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been developed by conjugating the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation to an antioxidant moiety, such as ubiquinol or α-tocopherol.

TL;DR: It is shown that selectively manipulating mitochondrial antioxidant status with targeted and recyclable antioxidants is a feasible approach to investigate the role of mitochondrial oxidative damage in apoptotic cell death and will have further applications in investigating mitochondrial dysfunction in a range of experimental models.

TL;DR: It is found that cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit catalase mimetic activity, which correlates with a reduced level of cerium in the +3 state, in contrast to the relationship between surface charge and superoxide scavenging properties.