Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and metabolic modulators as pharmacological interventions to slow ageing

TL;DR: The information available supports a mitochondrial free radical theory of aging focused on low generation of endogenous damage and low sensitivity of membranes to oxidation in long-lived animals.

TL;DR: Significant progress in the field of antioxidant research is highlighted, including the fine-tuned equilibrium between antioxidant defenses and free radical production, the lack of specific antioxidant target(s), and the inherent difficulty in delivering antioxidants where they are needed.

TL;DR: A review of experimental evidence supports the involvement of oxidative stress in seizures, in the process of their generation, and in the mechanisms associated with refractoriness to drug therapy is presented.

TL;DR: Advantages and disadvantages of small molecules, their ability to mitigate A&bgr; induced damage, and ability to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction and cognitive loss are discussed.

TL;DR: Mild mitochondrial uncoupling, or the reduction of the efficiency of energy conversion without compromising intracellular high energy phosphate levels, is a protective therapeutic strategy under many laboratory conditions, which include both cell and animal models of ischemia reperfusion and complications associated with the metabolic syndrome.

TL;DR: It is concluded that fatty acids display characteristics required of a necessary and sufficient physiological activator of the uncoupling protein of brown fat mitochondria in the absence of the protein.

TL;DR: To prove the possibility of covalently functionalizing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by free radical grafting of gallic acid on their surface with the subsequent synthesis of materials with improved biological properties evaluated by specific in‐vitro assays.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies examining the diverse effects of traditional medicinal plants and their modes of action and suggests that medicinal plants may also exert pro-oxidant effects that up-regulate endogenous protective enzymes.