Microstrip Patch Antennas

TL;DR: This paper presents a novel planar aperture antenna with differential feeding that maintains a high gain and wide bandwidth, but has a much lower profile with only one quarter-wavelength height.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna with conical radiation pattern is proposed and investigated, which can produce a conical CP radiation pattern with a measured average axial ratio (AR) of 1.80 dB in the azimuth plane ( $\theta = 45$ °) and a measured 3-dB AR bandwidth covering the global positioning system L1 band.

TL;DR: It has been shown that the difference between the maximum and minimum radiation power densities is ~2 dB over the entire spherical radiating surface, and the difference can be further reduced to ~0.9 dB by using a lower profile.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a miniaturized UHF antenna with three sequentially rotated elements operating at 433 MHz for Satcom applications, where the antenna consists of a main body with three radiation elements driven by a feeding network.