MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer.
1.7K
TL;DR: The P-body model outlines microRNA sorting and shuttling between specialized P- body compartments that house enzymes required for slicer –dependent and –independent silencing, addressing the reversibility of these silencing mechanisms.
read more
Abstract: MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, generating precursors that undergo a series of cleavage events to form mature microRNA. The conventional biogenesis pathway consists of two cleavage events, one nuclear and one cytoplasmic. However, alternative biogenesis pathways exist that differ in the number of cleavage events and enzymes responsible. How microRNA precursors are sorted to the different pathways is unclear but appears to be determined by the site of origin of the microRNA, its sequence and thermodynamic stability. The regulatory functions of microRNAs are accomplished through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). MicroRNA assembles into RISC, activating the complex to target messenger RNA (mRNA) specified by the microRNA. Various RISC assembly models have been proposed and research continues to explore the mechanism(s) of RISC loading and activation. The degree and nature of the complementarity between the microRNA and target determine the gene silencing mechanism, slicer-dependent mRNA degradation or slicer-independent translation inhibition. Recent evidence indicates that P-bodies are essential for microRNA-mediated gene silencing and that RISC assembly and silencing occurs primarily within P-bodies. The P-body model outlines microRNA sorting and shuttling between specialized P-body compartments that house enzymes required for slicer –dependent and –independent silencing, addressing the reversibility of these silencing mechanisms. Detailed knowledge of the microRNA pathways is essential for understanding their physiological role and the implications associated with dysfunction and dysregulation.
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Citations
The HCV Life Cycle: In vitro Tissue Culture Systems and Therapeutic Targets
Gisa Gerold,Thomas Pietschmann +1 more
TL;DR: Currently available cell culture systems for HCV are highlighted, the most prominent host-targeting strategies against hepatitis C are reviewed, and opportunities and risks associated with host- targeting antiviral strategies are critically discussed.
The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer
Yong Peng,Carlo M. Croce +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on how miRNAs regulate the development of human tumors by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.
Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Interference
TL;DR: Molecular structures of Dicer and Argonaute proteins, and of RNA-bound complexes, have offered exciting insights into the mechanisms operating at the heart ofRNA-silencing pathways.
919
Targeting noncoding RNAs in disease
TL;DR: The continued improvement of innovative RNA modifications and delivery entities, such as nanoparticles, will aid in the development of future RNA-based therapeutics for a broader range of chronic diseases.
In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies.
TL;DR: This review discusses the key challenges to the development of the carriers for miRNA-based therapy and explores current strategies to systemically deliver miRNAs to cancer without induction of toxicity.
629
References
MicroRNA-21 targets the tumor suppressor gene tropomyosin 1 (TPM1)
TL;DR: Two-dimensional differentiation in-gel electrophoresis of tumors treated with anti-mir-21 and identified the tumor suppressor tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) as a potential mir-21 target found that down-regulation of TPM1 by mir- 21 may explain, at least in part, why suppression of mir-23 can inhibit tumor growth, further supporting the notion that mir-20 functions as an oncogene.
1.2K
Disrupting the Pairing Between let-7 and Hmga2 Enhances Oncogenic Transformation
TL;DR: It is reported that chromosomal translocations previously associated with human tumors disrupt repression of High Mobility Group A2 (Hmga2) by let-7 miRNA, which promotes anchorage-independent growth, a characteristic of oncogenic transformation.
Repression of protein synthesis by miRNAs: how many mechanisms?
TL;DR: Mechanistic details of microRNA-mediated repression are starting to emerge but a comprehensive picture of the inhibition, and particularly the effects on mRNA translation, is still lacking.
1.2K
MicroRNA-21 targets tumor suppressor genes in invasion and metastasis
TL;DR: In this article, the role of mir-21 in cell invasion and tumor metastasis was investigated in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and it was shown that suppressing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) significantly reduced cell invasion.
Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) Is an Important Functional Target of the MicroRNA miR-21 in Breast Cancer Cells
Lisa B. Frankel,Nanna R. Christoffersen,Anders Jacobsen,Morten Lindow,Anders Krogh,Anders H. Lund +5 more
TL;DR: The tumor suppressor protein Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) is regulated by miR-21 and it is demonstrated that PDCD4 is a functionally important target for mi R-21 in breast cancer cells.
1.2K