Microalgal multiomics-based approaches in bioremediation of hazardous contaminants.

TL;DR: Re-vitalizing wastewater through microalgae-microbiome synergy using omics-biology holds promise for carbon capture and nutrient recovery.

Abstract: The rapid growth of the human population and industrialization has intensified anthropogenic activities, leading to the release of various toxic chemicals into the environment, triggering significant risks to human health and ecosystem stability. One sustainable solution to remove toxic chemicals from various environmental matrices, such as water, air, and soil, is bioremediation, an approach utilizing biological agents. Microalgae, as the primary producers of the aquatic environment, offer a versatile bioremediation platform, where their metabolic processes break down and convert pollutants into less harmful substances, thereby mitigating the negative ecological impact. Besides the CO2 sequestration potential, microalgae are a source of renewable energy and numerous high-value biomolecules. Additionally, microalgae can mitigate various toxic chemicals through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. These remediation strategies propose a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to address environmental pollution. This review evaluates the microalgal mitigation of major environmental contaminants—heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), flue gases, microplastics, and nanoplastics—linking specific microalgae removal mechanisms to pollutant-induced cellular responses. Each section explicitly addresses the effects of these pollutants on microalgae, microalgal bioremediation potential, bioaccumulation process, the risks of trophic transfer, and biomagnification in the food web. Herein, we highlight the current status of the microalgae-based bioremediation prospects, pollutant-induced microalgal toxicity, bioaccumulation, and consequential biomagnification. The novelty of this review lies in integrating biomagnification risks with the bioremediation potential of microalgae, providing a comprehensive perspective not yet addressed in the existing literature. Finally, we identify major research gaps and outline prospective strategies to optimize microalgal bioremediation while minimizing the unintended trophic transfer risks.

TL;DR: This study explores effective microbial strategies for remediating contaminated agricultural soils, leveraging bioremediation and bioaugmentation techniques to restore soil health, promote biodiversity, and enhance nutrient cycling for sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

TL;DR: The first attempts to study the whole transcriptome began in the early 1990s, and technological advances since the late 1990s have made transcriptomics a widespread discipline as mentioned in this paper, which has enabled the study of how gene expression changes in different organisms and has been instrumental in the understanding of human disease.

TL;DR: The metagenomic analysis showed that the activated sludge and the digested sludge exhibited different microbial communities and changes in the types and occurrence of ARGs and MGEs, and indicated that some environmental bacteria might be potential hosts of multiple ARGs.

TL;DR: This article used the 10x Genomics Visium platform to define the spatial topography of gene expression in the six-layered human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and identified extensive layer-enriched expression signatures and refined associations to previous laminar markers.

TL;DR: This review comprehensively describes the current research on the possible roles and applications of microalgae for removing PCs from aqueous media and summarizes several novel approaches including constructing microbial consortia, acclimation, and cometabolism for enhanced removal of PCs by microalgal.