Introduction. Old ages are associated with physiologic deteriorations of all organs and tissues, such as involution of thymus and decreased function of gastrointestinal tract which lead to malnutrition. Involution of thymus will caused reduction of T cell subset for instance T cell CD4+. Prevalence of nutrient deficiency in old age was high, according to a survey that 35% of subjects with age above 50 years old showed deficiency for one or more vitamins and trace-elements. Zinc as one of trace-elements has vital role for immune system. Aim . Aims of this study are to know the mean of zinc serum level, proportions of zinc deficiency in elderly and correlation between zinc and CD4+ count. Methods and Subjects. Design of this study is cross sectional,  with study subjects including healthy elderly women from Aisyiah elderly club at Kota Gede Yogyakarta. Elderly who were eligible with study criteria were measured height, weight, zinc serum level, and CD4+ count. Correlation test was performed to know correlation between ages, weight, body mass index (BMI), and zinc serum level with CD4+ count. Significant variables will be tested with multiple linier regressions. Level of significance is p < 0.05. Results. A total healthy elderly women subjects were 60 persons with median of age 63.5 years old. Median zinc serum level was 5.47 umol/L with range between 3.25-             7.95 umol/L. Zinc deficiency (zinc serum level < 7.65 umol/L) occured in 95% of subjects. Mean of CD4+ count was 767.22±232.95 count/mm 3 . There were correlations between age, weight, and zinc serum level with CD4+ count (r= -0.296; 0.345; 0.324; 0.792, respectively). Results from linear regression model showed zinc serum level was the only variable that affect to CD4+ count (adjusted R 2 = 0.622). Conclusion. Ninety five percent of healthy elderly women at elderly club Aisyiah Kota Gede Yogyakarta suffer from zinc deficiencies, and there is strong correlation between zinc serum level and CD4+ count. Keyword: zinc serum, CD4+ count, elderly

https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jain/article/download/3869/5215

Association between Zinc Serum Level And CD4+ Count In Healthy Elderly Women At AISYIAH Elderly Club Kota Gede Yogyakarta

Background: The mortality rate from pneumonia remains very high, reaching 15% in the United States while in Indonesia pneumonia is the second leading cause of death. Antibiotics improve outcomes in those with bacterial pneumonia. Irrational antibiotic therapy impacts to bacteria resistance, potentially increasing side effects of drugs, prolonged patient’s length of stay and higher total hospital costs. Aim: This study aimed to improve the service quality by calculating the percentage of irrational antibiotic therapy based on Gyssens workfl ow and the additional total of consumables antibiotics costs. Methods: The study design was retrospective, including 57 pneumonia inpatients in internal medicine department wards in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, from November 2011 to January 2012. Statistical analyses were conducted by using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: From 57 pneumonia inpatients, irrational antibiotic therapy reached 68,4% (39 of 57 patients). Azithromycin was misused and overused antibiotic. Total excess cost of daily antibiotic were Rp 294,000.00 and consumables antibiotics were Rp 215,000.00 Conclusion: Irrational antibiotic therapy in pneumonia is associated with and an overall impacts on healthcare costs. Keywords: irrational antibiotic therapy, health-care cost, and customer satisfaction.

https://www.journal.ugm.ac.id/jain/article/download/5002/4158

Impact of irrational antibiotic therapy to hospital cost of care of pneumonia in patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital

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Association between Zinc Serum Level And CD4+ Count In Healthy Elderly Women At AISYIAH Elderly Club Kota Gede Yogyakarta

Impact of irrational antibiotic therapy to hospital cost of care of pneumonia in patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital

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