Mediterranean Region

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the role of the atmospheric circulation associated with the events and its typicality in present (factual world) and past climate conditions defined using the ERA5 dataset 1950 to present.

TL;DR: This study projects increasing drought frequencies (12-25%) in the Mediterranean under future climate change, with more pronounced effects in southern countries, particularly affecting food and water sectors, and varying by drought type and season.

TL;DR: Changes in flood processes and seasonality in southern France show a shift in flood timing and a decrease in the proportion of excess-rainfall floods, despite increased rainfall extremes.

TL;DR: Recent western Mediterranean heatwaves (2022-2023) exceeded millennial natural variability, potentially becoming more frequent (every 4-75 years) due to anthropogenic climate change, underscoring the need for urgent adaptive strategies to mitigate extreme climate events.

TL;DR: In this paper, a special report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) has been jointly coordinated by Working Groups I (WGI) and II (WGII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

TL;DR: The possible reductions in energy demand by state-of-the-art seawater Desalination technologies, the potential role of advanced materials and innovative technologies in improving performance, and the sustainability of desalination as a technological solution to global water shortages are reviewed.

TL;DR: Numerical experiments combining climate model outputs, water budgets, and socioeconomic information along digitized river networks demonstrate that (i) a large proportion of the world's population is currently experiencing water stress and (ii) rising water demands greatly outweigh greenhouse warming in defining the state of global water systems to 2025.

TL;DR: Yields increase with temperature but that temperatures above these thresholds are very harmful, suggesting limited historical adaptation of seed varieties or management practices to warmer temperatures because the cross-section includes farmers' adaptations to warmer climates and the time-series does not.