Media Literacy Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review.
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TL;DR: Media literacy interventions had positive effects on outcomes including media knowledge, criticism, perceived realism, influence, behavioral beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior.
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Abstract: Harmful effects of the media have been documented in a range of domains, including violence (e.g., Paik & Comstock, 1994), sexual behavior (e.g., Allen, D’Alessio, & Brezgel, 1995; Hestroni, 2007), and body image (e.g., Holmstrom, 2004). Media literacy interventions refer to education programs designed to reduce harmful effects of the media by informing the audience about one or more aspects of the media, thereby influencing media-related beliefs and attitudes, and ultimately preventing risky behaviors.
Several studies have reviewed the effects of media literacy interventions on topics such as violence (Cantor & Wilson, 2003), sexual behavior (Allen, D’Alessio, Emmers, & Gebhardt, 1996), and advertising (Livingstone & Helsper, 2006). A review by Bergsma and Carney (2008) examined the contexts and process of effective media literacy interventions focusing on health promotion. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis of media literacy interventions is not yet available. The present study assesses the average effect size of media literacy interventions and the conditions under which such interventions are more effective. We begin with a brief overview of the conceptual basis for media literacy interventions, followed by a review of outcomes and moderators of media literacy intervention effects.
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