Mechanisms That Regulate the Function of the Selectins and Their Ligands

TL;DR: An evolutionary breakpoint in mammals and chickens is positioned between SELE and SCYC1, a large conserved chromosomal segment that extends from RXRG (retinoic acid receptor, gamma) to TNNT2 (troponin T2) on Chromosome (Chr) 1 in both human and mouse.

TL;DR: The concept of homing tissue specialization and tissue-specific lymphocyte recirculation that is fundamental to acquired immunity raised from the demonstration that circulating leukocytes enter secondary lymphoid organs at specialized endothelial sites (Picker and Butcher, 1992) was the starting point for many studies to understand specificity of cell homing.

TL;DR: By developing methods to manipulate the activity of these enzymes and hence the cell surface structures that result, treatments can be envisioned that direct the migration of therapeutic cells to specific locations throughout the body and also to inhibit metastasis of detrimental cells such as circulating tumor cells.

TL;DR: Rolling of leukocytes on vascular endothelial cells, an early event in inflammation, can be reproduced in vitro on artificial lipid bilayers containing purified CD62, a selectin also named PADGEM and GMP-140 that is inducible on endothelial Cells.

TL;DR: Of considerable interest is the recent discovery that some chemokines function as HIV-suppressive factors by interacting with chemokine receptors which, together with CD4, were recognized as the binding sites for HIV-1.

TL;DR: Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), a cell surface glycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium, mediates the adhesion of blood neutrophils and may be a member of a nascent gene family of cell surface molecules involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological events at the interface of vessel wall and blood.