Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
TL;DR: The results show that long-distance quantum cryptography over say 200 km will remain secure even with seriously flawed detectors, and the key generation rate is many orders of magnitude higher than that based on full device independent QKD.
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Abstract: How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem--measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD). It not only removes all detector side channels, but also doubles the secure distance with conventional lasers. Our proposal can be implemented with standard optical components with low detection efficiency and highly lossy channels. In contrast to the previous solution of full device independent QKD, the realization of our idea does not require detectors of near unity detection efficiency in combination with a qubit amplifier (based on teleportation) or a quantum nondemolition measurement of the number of photons in a pulse. Furthermore, its key generation rate is many orders of magnitude higher than that based on full device independent QKD. The results show that long-distance quantum cryptography over say 200 km will remain secure even with seriously flawed detectors.
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TABLE I. Alice and Bob post-select the events where the relay outputs a successful result and they use the same basis in their transmission. Moreover, either Alice or Bob flips her/his bits except for the cases where both of them select the diagonal basis and the relay outputs a triplet. 
FIG. 1. Basic setup of a MDI-QKD protocol. Alice and Bob prepare phase randomized weak coherent pulses (WCPs) in a different BB84 polarization state which is selected, independently and at random for each signal, by means of a polarization modulator (Pol-M). Decoy states are generated using an intensity modulator (Decoy-IM). Inside the measurement device, signals from Alice and Bob interfere at a 50:50 beam splitter (BS) that has on each end a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) projecting the input photons into either horizontal (H) or vertical (V ) polarization states. Four single-photon detectors are employed to detect the photons and the detection results are publicly announced. A successful Bell state measurement corresponds to the observation of precisely two detectors (associated to orthogonal polarizations) being triggered. A click in D1H and D2V , or in D1V and D2H , indicates a projection into the Bell state |ψ−〉 = 1/ √ 2(|HV 〉 − |V H〉), while a click in D1H and D1V , or in D2H and D2V , reveals a projection into the Bell state |ψ+〉 = 1/ √ 2(|HV 〉+|V H〉). Alice’s and Bob’s laboratories are well shielded from the eavesdropper, while the measurement device can be untrusted.
Citations
Tripartite entanglement: Foundations and applications
TL;DR: The tripartite entanglement has an essential role in the understanding of quantum mechanics, and it allows several applications in the fields of quantum information processing and quantum computing.
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Subcarrier multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output quantum key distribution scheme with orthogonal quantum states
Hailin Xiao,Zhongshan Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: This work proposes a subcarrier multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output quantum key distribution (SCM-MQKD) scheme with orthogonal quantum states that are invariant for unitary operations and derives the density matrix and the capacity of SCM-QKD system.
13
Finite-key analysis of practical decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with unstable sources
TL;DR: This paper presents a way to estimate the phase error rate for MDI-QKD and compares performances of the parameter estimation based on Hoeffding’s inequality and the Chernoff bound, and presents the finite-key analysis with composable security against general attacks for a biased decoy-state MDI, QKD protocol with intensity fluctuations.
13
Practical reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution systems against the worst relative rotation of reference frames
Chun-Mei Zhang,Jian-Rong Zhu,Qin Wang +2 more
- 25 May 2018
TL;DR: This paper mathematically demonstrate the worst relative rotation of reference frames for practical RFI-QKD systems, and investigates the corresponding performance with optimized system parameters, and proposes a universal estimation method of the secret key rate in practical RFM systems, which conforms to the nature of RFM more well than the usual estimation method.
13
Practical security of wavelength-multiplexed decoy-state quantum key distribution
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of classical noises on the performance of decoy-state WDM-QKD with classical optical channels has been studied with a finite-key security analysis.
13
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The security of practical quantum key distribution
Valerio Scarani,Helle Bechmann-Pasquinucci,Nicolas J. Cerf,Miloslav Dušek,Norbert Lütkenhaus,Momtchil Peev +5 more
TL;DR: Essential theoretical tools that have been developed to assess the security of the main experimental platforms are presented (discrete- variable, continuous-variable, and distributed-phase-reference protocols).
Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol
Peter W. Shor,John Preskill +1 more
TL;DR: It is proved that the 1984 protocol of Bennett and Brassard (BB84) for quantum key distribution is secure, and a key distribution protocol based on entanglement purification is given, which can be proven secure using methods from Lo and Chau's proof of security for a similar protocol.